Smartphones, social Media and Adolescent mental well-being: the impact of school policies Restricting dayTime use-protocol for a natural experimental observational study using mixed methods at secondary schools in England (SMART Schools Study)

Grace Wood, Vicky Goodyear*, Peymane Adab, Hareth Al-Janabi, Sally Fenton, Kirsty Jones, Maria Michail, Breanna Morrison, Paul Patterson, Alice Sitch, Matthew Wade, Miranda Pallan

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

290 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Smartphone and social media use is prevalent during adolescence, with high levels of use associated with lower levels of mental well-being. Secondary schools in the UK have introduced policies that restrict daytime use of smartphones and social media, but there is no evaluation on the impact of these policies on adolescent mental well-being. The SMART Schools Study aims to determine the impact of daytime restrictions of smartphone and social media use on indicators of adolescent mental well-being, anxiety, depression, physical activity, sleep, classroom behaviour, attainment and addictive social media use.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a natural experimental observational study using mixed methods. Secondary schools within a 100 mile radius of the recruiting centre in the West Midlands (UK) have been categorised into two groups: Schools that restrict (intervention) and permit (comparator) daytime use of smartphones. We aim to recruit 30 schools (20 restrictive, 10 permissive) and 1170 pupils aged 12-13 and 14-15 years. We will collect data on mental well-being, anxiety and depressive symptoms, phone and social media use, sleep and physical activity from pupil surveys, and accelerometers. Policy implementation measures and data on individual pupil factors will be collected through school staff surveys, and website/policy analysis. Six case study schools will explore individual, school and family/home factors that influence relationships between school smartphone policies, smartphone/social media use, and mental well-being. Economic evaluation will be completed through a cost-consequence analysis from an education sector perspective.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Birmingham's Research Ethics Committee (ERN_22-0723). Parents/carers of pupil participants can complete a form to opt their child out of the study. Pupil, school staff and parent/carer participants are asked to complete online/written consent (or assent). Findings will be disseminated through policy briefings, resources for schools, social media, reports, and open access publications.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN77948572.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere075832
Number of pages10
JournalBMJ open
Volume13
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 5 Jul 2023

Bibliographical note

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Keywords

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Humans
  • England
  • Policy
  • Schools
  • Smartphone
  • Social Media

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Smartphones, social Media and Adolescent mental well-being: the impact of school policies Restricting dayTime use-protocol for a natural experimental observational study using mixed methods at secondary schools in England (SMART Schools Study)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this