Role of AI and digital pathology for colorectal immuno-oncology

Mohsin Bilal; Mohammed Nimir; David Snead; Graham S. Taylor; Nasir Rajpoot

doi:10.1038/s41416-022-01986-1

Role of AI and digital pathology for colorectal immuno-oncology

Mohsin Bilal^*, Mohammed Nimir, David Snead, Graham S. Taylor, Nasir Rajpoot^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Immunology and Immunotherapy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

Immunotherapy deals with therapeutic interventions to arrest the progression of tumours using the immune system. These include checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell manipulation, cytokines, oncolytic viruses and tumour vaccines. In this paper, we present a survey of the latest developments on immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. Among these, microsatellite instability (MSI) is perhaps the most popular IO biomarker globally. We first discuss the MSI status of tumours, its implications for patient management, and its relationship to immune response. In recent years, several aspiring studies have used AI to predict the MSI status of patients from digital whole-slide images (WSIs) of routine diagnostic slides. We present a survey of AI literature on the prediction of MSI and tumour mutation burden from digitised WSIs of haematoxylin and eosin-stained diagnostic slides. We discuss AI approaches in detail and elaborate their contributions, limitations and key takeaways to drive future research. We further expand this survey to other IO-related biomarkers like immune cell infiltrates and alternate data modalities like immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Finally, we underline possible future directions in immunotherapy for CRC and promise of AI to accelerate this exploration for patient benefits.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3-11
Number of pages	9
Journal	British Journal of Cancer
Volume	128
Issue number	1
Early online date	1 Oct 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-022-01986-1
Publication status	Published - 26 Jan 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
MB, DS and NR are supported by the PathLAKE Centre of Excellence for digital pathology and artificial intelligence, which is funded by the Data to Early Diagnosis and Precision Medicine strand of the HM Government’s Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, managed and delivered by Innovate UK on behalf of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI, Grant ref: File Ref 104689/application number 18181).

DS reports personal fees from Royal Philips, outside the submitted work. NR reports research funding from GlaxoSmithKline. DS and NR are co-founders of Histofy Ltd. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Oncology
Cancer Research

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

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title = "Role of AI and digital pathology for colorectal immuno-oncology",

abstract = "Immunotherapy deals with therapeutic interventions to arrest the progression of tumours using the immune system. These include checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell manipulation, cytokines, oncolytic viruses and tumour vaccines. In this paper, we present a survey of the latest developments on immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. Among these, microsatellite instability (MSI) is perhaps the most popular IO biomarker globally. We first discuss the MSI status of tumours, its implications for patient management, and its relationship to immune response. In recent years, several aspiring studies have used AI to predict the MSI status of patients from digital whole-slide images (WSIs) of routine diagnostic slides. We present a survey of AI literature on the prediction of MSI and tumour mutation burden from digitised WSIs of haematoxylin and eosin-stained diagnostic slides. We discuss AI approaches in detail and elaborate their contributions, limitations and key takeaways to drive future research. We further expand this survey to other IO-related biomarkers like immune cell infiltrates and alternate data modalities like immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Finally, we underline possible future directions in immunotherapy for CRC and promise of AI to accelerate this exploration for patient benefits.",

author = "Mohsin Bilal and Mohammed Nimir and David Snead and Taylor, {Graham S.} and Nasir Rajpoot",

note = "Funding Information: MB, DS and NR are supported by the PathLAKE Centre of Excellence for digital pathology and artificial intelligence, which is funded by the Data to Early Diagnosis and Precision Medicine strand of the HM Government{\textquoteright}s Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, managed and delivered by Innovate UK on behalf of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI, Grant ref: File Ref 104689/application number 18181). DS reports personal fees from Royal Philips, outside the submitted work. NR reports research funding from GlaxoSmithKline. DS and NR are co-founders of Histofy Ltd. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

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N1 - Funding Information: MB, DS and NR are supported by the PathLAKE Centre of Excellence for digital pathology and artificial intelligence, which is funded by the Data to Early Diagnosis and Precision Medicine strand of the HM Government’s Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, managed and delivered by Innovate UK on behalf of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI, Grant ref: File Ref 104689/application number 18181). DS reports personal fees from Royal Philips, outside the submitted work. NR reports research funding from GlaxoSmithKline. DS and NR are co-founders of Histofy Ltd. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

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N2 - Immunotherapy deals with therapeutic interventions to arrest the progression of tumours using the immune system. These include checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell manipulation, cytokines, oncolytic viruses and tumour vaccines. In this paper, we present a survey of the latest developments on immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. Among these, microsatellite instability (MSI) is perhaps the most popular IO biomarker globally. We first discuss the MSI status of tumours, its implications for patient management, and its relationship to immune response. In recent years, several aspiring studies have used AI to predict the MSI status of patients from digital whole-slide images (WSIs) of routine diagnostic slides. We present a survey of AI literature on the prediction of MSI and tumour mutation burden from digitised WSIs of haematoxylin and eosin-stained diagnostic slides. We discuss AI approaches in detail and elaborate their contributions, limitations and key takeaways to drive future research. We further expand this survey to other IO-related biomarkers like immune cell infiltrates and alternate data modalities like immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Finally, we underline possible future directions in immunotherapy for CRC and promise of AI to accelerate this exploration for patient benefits.

AB - Immunotherapy deals with therapeutic interventions to arrest the progression of tumours using the immune system. These include checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell manipulation, cytokines, oncolytic viruses and tumour vaccines. In this paper, we present a survey of the latest developments on immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. Among these, microsatellite instability (MSI) is perhaps the most popular IO biomarker globally. We first discuss the MSI status of tumours, its implications for patient management, and its relationship to immune response. In recent years, several aspiring studies have used AI to predict the MSI status of patients from digital whole-slide images (WSIs) of routine diagnostic slides. We present a survey of AI literature on the prediction of MSI and tumour mutation burden from digitised WSIs of haematoxylin and eosin-stained diagnostic slides. We discuss AI approaches in detail and elaborate their contributions, limitations and key takeaways to drive future research. We further expand this survey to other IO-related biomarkers like immune cell infiltrates and alternate data modalities like immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Finally, we underline possible future directions in immunotherapy for CRC and promise of AI to accelerate this exploration for patient benefits.

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Role of AI and digital pathology for colorectal immuno-oncology

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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