Abstract
The battery pack is at the heart of electric vehicles, and lithium-ion cells are preferred because of their high power density, long life, high energy density, and viability for usage in relatively high and low temperatures. Lithium-ion batteries are negatively affected by overvoltage, undervoltage, thermal runaway, and cell voltage imbalance. The minimisation of cell imbalance is particularly important because it causes uneven power dissipation by each cell and, hence, temperature distribution that adversely impacts the battery lifetime. Several papers in the literature proposed advanced cell-balancing techniques to increase the effectiveness of basic cell-balancing approaches, reduce power losses, and reduce the number of components in balancing circuits. The new developments and optimisations over the last few years have been particularly intense due to the increased interest in battery technologies for several end-use applications. This paper reviews and discusses recent cell-balancing techniques or methods, covering their operating principles and the optimised utilisation of electrical components.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 1271 |
Number of pages | 18 |
Journal | Energies |
Volume | 17 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 7 Mar 2024 |
Keywords
- battery management systems
- cell imbalance
- electric vehicles
- cell balancing
- state of charge
- active/passive cell balancing