Performance evaluation of linear variable valve actuation for a linear engine generator

The Joule cycle Linear Engine Generator (LEG) is a promising power generation technology with the potential to achieve zero carbon emissions. However, the LEG expander valve actuation system presents unique challenges due to its lack of a traditional crankshaft, the need for swift valve lift and reversal, and variable lift. This paper presents a Linear Variable Valve Actuation (LVVA) system for a LEG prototype. The LVVA system is powered by voice coil motors. Rigorous experimental investigations were conducted to analyze crucial performance factors, including energy consumption, force balance, energy flow distribution, and the relationship between valve lift duration and energy consumption. The results show that the LVVA system can achieve the desired valve lift and timing, as well as very small variations in LEG performance compared to the model using an ideal lift curve. The LVVA accounts for approximately 3.59 % of the LEG power output. The energy consumption of 1.607 J per valve stroke provides a slight advantage over traditional actuation systems. The obtained optimal lift curves were used to refine the LEG model. The influence of valve lift curves on LEG performance was evaluated which reveals rapid valve openings and relatively short duration contributing to improved LEG performance.