Gendering Counter-Terrorism: Kunya and the Silencing of Male Victims of CRSV in Northeastern Nigeria

Emeka Thaddues Njoku*, Isaac Dery*

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Abstract: As the silence of male CRSV victims continues to be debated, some argue that gender norms and a lack of agency contribute to the silence of victims, even as others assert that victims exercise agency by speaking selectively about their experiences. In northern Nigeria, the concept of kunya—a model for appropriate behaviour rooted in the importance of secrecy and discretion—plays a role in the silencing of victims. We examine how kunya contributes to the invisibility of victims and influences their silence, as well as how victims use silence to gain social tolerability and/or protect themselves from re-victimization. We argue that an attentiveness to such community-specific cultural precepts and norms can further our understanding of the silence (and silencing) of victims and survivors.

Résumé: Alors que le silence des victimes masculines de violences sexuelles continue d’être débattu, certains soutiennent que les normes de genre et le manque d’action contribuent au silence des victimes, même si d’autres affirment que les victimes exercent leur libre arbitre en parlant sélectivement de leurs expériences. Dans le nord du Nigéria, le concept de kunya – un modèle de comportement approprié enraciné dans l’importance du secret et de la discrétion – joue un rôle dans le silence des victimes. Nous examinons comment les kunya contribuent à l’invisibilité des victimes et influencent leur silence, ainsi que la manière dont les victimes utilisent le silence pour acquérir une tolérance sociale et / ou se protéger d’une nouvelle victimisation. Nous soutenons qu’une attention portée à ces préceptes et normes culturels spécifiques à la communauté peut nous aider à mieux comprendre le silence (et la réduction au silence) des victimes et des survivants.

Resumo: No contexto dos debates sobre as vítimas masculinas de violência sexual relacionada com conflitos (CRSV – conflict-related sexual violence), há quem defenda que as normas de género e a falta de agência contribuem para o silêncio das vítimas, ainda que haja também quem assegure que as vítimas exercem a sua agência falando seletivamente acerca das suas experiências. No norte da Nigéria, o conceito de kunya — um modelo de comportamento exemplar enraizado na importância do secretismo e da discrição — desempenha um papel importante no silenciamento das vítimas. Neste artigo, analisamos o modo como a kunya contribui para a invisibilidade das vítimas e influencia o seu silêncio, bem como o modo como as vítimas utilizam o silêncio para conseguirem tolerar a vida social e/ou protegerem-se da revitimização. Do nosso ponto de vista, que aqui desenvolvemos, o enfoque nestes preceitos e nestas normas comunitárias específicas permite compreendermos melhor o silêncio (e o silenciamento) das vítimas e dos sobreviventes.
Original languageEnglish
JournalAfrican Studies Review
Early online date5 Jul 2023
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 5 Jul 2023

Bibliographical note

Emeka Thaddues Njoku is an Assistant Professor at the International Development Department, School of Government, University of Birmingham, UK. He is also an Associate Editor for the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. His research focuses on global counter-terrorism norms and their impact on the spaces and agency of civil society organisations, as well as the effects of counter-terrorism laws, policies, and practises on gender and sexual minorities. His works have been published in International Affairs, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Critical Studies on Terrorism, Development Policy Review, Field Methods, and an edited book published by Manchester University Press. Email: e.t.njoku@bham.ac.uk

Isaac Dery is a lecturer and researcher in the Department of African and General Studies at the Simon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies, Ghana. Isaac holds a PhD in Gender Studies from the University of Cape Town, South Africa. His research interests focus on the con- structions of masculinity and femininity, gender-based violence, peacebuilding, and African feminism(s). Isaac’s publications have appeared in such publications as Social Science and Medicine, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Gender, Place and Culture, and NORMA. Email: idery38@gmail.com

Keywords

  • Gender and development
  • Conflict-related sexual violence
  • counter-terrorism
  • Terrorism
  • sexuality
  • Africa
  • Nigeria
  • Lake Chad

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Social Sciences

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