An observation of adults with visual impairments carrying out copy-typing tasks

Increasing numbers of people with a visual impairment are using computers to access information. This study examines the behaviours of 10 visually impaired adults carrying out a copy-typing task. Momentary time sampling methods were used to examine how the participants conducted the task. Four different aspects were observed: functions performed, line of vision, technology used, and posture. Postures were further analysed using RULA (McAtamney and Corlett 1993). Recommendations were presented to each participant and their feedback was obtained. All participants exhibited examples of inefficient working habits and potentially problematic posture. Feedback from them indicated that most participants were not aware of some of the issues raised and the extent to which their work was affected. Although participants had unique individual profiles, general issues were apparent across the group. These included poor touch-typing, rare use of short cut keys, and a lack of adjustment of equipment, furniture, and copy material. While many of these behaviours are common in normally sighted computer users, the presence of a visual impairment means that compensatory strategies often result in greater negative impact upon postures adopted. Key recommendations included more proactive and creative strategies for improving skills and work techniques and adjusting positions of equipment and furniture. Importantly these must be individualised because of the idiosyncratic nature of the visual impairment. Participants positively acknowledged the recommendations provided. Nevertheless there is responsibility at the level of the institution to provide necessary equipment and training to enable the individual to affect change.