Toi-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

Faith Hawthorn; Daniel Bayliss; Thomas G. Wilson; Andrea Bonfanti; Vardan Adibekyan; Yann Alibert; Sérgio G. Sousa; Karen A. Collins; Edward M. Bryant; Ares Osborn; David J. Armstrong; Lyu Abe; Jack S. Acton; Brett C. Addison; Karim Agabi; Roi Alonso; Douglas R. Alves; Guillem Anglada-Escudé; Tamas Bárczy; Thomas Barclay; David Barrado; Susana C. C. Barros; Wolfgang Baumjohann; Philippe Bendjoya; Willy Benz; Allyson Bieryla; Xavier Bonfils; François Bouchy; Alexis Brandeker; Christopher Broeg; David J. A. Brown; Matthew R. Burleigh; Marco Buttu; Juan Cabrera; Douglas A. Caldwell; Sarah L. Casewell; David Charbonneau; Sébastian Charnoz; Ryan Cloutier; Andrew Collier Cameron; Kevin I. Collins; Dennis M. Conti; Nicolas Crouzet; Szilárd Czismadia; Melvyn B. Davies; Magali Deleuil; Elisa Delgado-Mena; Laetitia Delrez; Olivier D. S. Demangeon; Brice-Olivier Demory; Georgina Dransfield; Xavier Dumusque; Jo Ann Egger; David Ehrenreich; Philipp Eigmüller; Anders Erickson; Zahra Essack; Andrea Fortier; Luca Fossati; Malcolm Fridlund; Maximilian N. Günther; Manuel Güdel; Davide Gandolfi; Harvey Gillard; Michaël Gillon; Crystal Gnilka; Michael R. Goad; Robert F. Goeke; Tristan Guillot; Andreas Hadjigeorghiou; Coel Hellier; Beth A. Henderson; Kevin Heng; Matthew J. Hooton; Keith Horne; Steve B. Howell; Sergio Hoyer; Jonathan M. Irwin; James S. Jenkins; Jon M. Jenkins; Eric L. N. Jensen; Stephen R. Kane; Alicia Kendall; John F. Kielkopf; Laszlo L. Kiss; Gaia Lacedelli; Jacques Laskar; David W. Latham; Alain Lecavalier des Etangs; Adrien Leleu; Monika Lendl; Jorge Lillo-Box; Christophe Lovis; Djamel Mékarnia; Bob Massey; Tamzin Masters; Pierre F. L. Maxted; Valerio Nascimbeni; Louise D. Nielsen; Sean M. O'Brien; Göran Olofsson; Hugh P. Osborn; Isabella Pagano; Enric Pallé; Carina M. Persson; Giampaolo Piotto; Peter Plavchan; Don Pollacco; Didier Queloz; Roberto Ragazzoni; Heike Rauer; Ignasi Ribas; George Ricker; Damien Ségransan; Sébastien Salmon; Alexandre Santerne; Nuno C. Santos; Gaetano Scandariato; François-Xavier Schmider; Richard P. Schwarz; Sara Seager; Avi Shporer; Attila E. Simon; Alexis M. S. Smith; Gregor Srdoc; Manfred Steller; Olga Suarez; Gyula M. Szabó; Johanna Teske; Nicolas Thomas; Rosanna H. Tilbrook; Amaury H. M. J. Triaud; Stéphane Udry; Valérie Van Grootel; Nicholas Walton; Sharon X. Wang; Peter J. Wheatley; Joshua N. Winn; Robert A. Wittenmyer; Hui Zhang

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad306

Toi-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

Faith Hawthorn^*, Daniel Bayliss^*, Thomas G. Wilson^*, Andrea Bonfanti, Vardan Adibekyan, Yann Alibert, Sérgio G. Sousa, Karen A. Collins, Edward M. Bryant, Ares Osborn, David J. Armstrong, Lyu Abe, Jack S. Acton, Brett C. Addison, Karim Agabi, Roi Alonso, Douglas R. Alves, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Tamas Bárczy, Thomas BarclayDavid Barrado, Susana C. C. Barros, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Philippe Bendjoya, Willy Benz, Allyson Bieryla, Xavier Bonfils, François Bouchy, Alexis Brandeker, Christopher Broeg, David J. A. Brown, Matthew R. Burleigh, Marco Buttu, Juan Cabrera, Douglas A. Caldwell, Sarah L. Casewell, David Charbonneau, Sébastian Charnoz, Ryan Cloutier, Andrew Collier Cameron, Kevin I. Collins, Dennis M. Conti, Nicolas Crouzet, Szilárd Czismadia, Melvyn B. Davies, Magali Deleuil, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Laetitia Delrez, Olivier D. S. Demangeon, Brice-Olivier Demory, Georgina Dransfield, Xavier Dumusque, Jo Ann Egger, David Ehrenreich, Philipp Eigmüller, Anders Erickson, Zahra Essack, Andrea Fortier, Luca Fossati, Malcolm Fridlund, Maximilian N. Günther, Manuel Güdel, Davide Gandolfi, Harvey Gillard, Michaël Gillon, Crystal Gnilka, Michael R. Goad, Robert F. Goeke, Tristan Guillot, Andreas Hadjigeorghiou, Coel Hellier, Beth A. Henderson, Kevin Heng, Matthew J. Hooton, Keith Horne, Steve B. Howell, Sergio Hoyer, Jonathan M. Irwin, James S. Jenkins, Jon M. Jenkins, Eric L. N. Jensen, Stephen R. Kane, Alicia Kendall, John F. Kielkopf, Laszlo L. Kiss, Gaia Lacedelli, Jacques Laskar, David W. Latham, Alain Lecavalier des Etangs, Adrien Leleu, Monika Lendl, Jorge Lillo-Box, Christophe Lovis, Djamel Mékarnia, Bob Massey, Tamzin Masters, Pierre F. L. Maxted, Valerio Nascimbeni, Louise D. Nielsen, Sean M. O'Brien, Göran Olofsson, Hugh P. Osborn, Isabella Pagano, Enric Pallé, Carina M. Persson, Giampaolo Piotto, Peter Plavchan, Don Pollacco, Didier Queloz, Roberto Ragazzoni, Heike Rauer, Ignasi Ribas, George Ricker, Damien Ségransan, Sébastien Salmon, Alexandre Santerne, Nuno C. Santos, Gaetano Scandariato, François-Xavier Schmider, Richard P. Schwarz, Sara Seager, Avi Shporer, Attila E. Simon, Alexis M. S. Smith, Gregor Srdoc, Manfred Steller, Olga Suarez, Gyula M. Szabó, Johanna Teske, Nicolas Thomas, Rosanna H. Tilbrook, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Stéphane Udry, Valérie Van Grootel, Nicholas Walton, Sharon X. Wang, Peter J. Wheatley, Joshua N. Winn, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Hui Zhang

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (T = 8.5 mag), high proper motion (∼200 mas yr⁻¹), low metallicity ([Fe/H]≈−0.28) K-dwarf with a mass of 0.68 ± 0.05 M_⊙ and a radius of 0.67 ± 0.01 R_⊙. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a 1.70 ± 0.07 R_⊕ super-Earth in a 3.82-d orbit, placing it directly within the so-called ‘radius valley’. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a 2.59 ± 0.09 R_⊕ mini-Neptune in an 8.60-d orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of 4.5 ± 0.9 M_⊕, while TOI-836 c has a mass of 9.6 ± 2.6 M_⊕. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 min for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3649–3668
Number of pages	20
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	520
Issue number	3
Early online date	9 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad306
Publication status	Published - Apr 2023

Keywords

techniques: photometric
techniques: radial velocities
planets and satellites: detection
stars: individual: TOI-836 (TIC 440887364
GAIA EDR3 6230733559097425152)

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10.1093/mnras/stad306

HawthornF2023TOI836
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Final published version, 3.32 MBLicence: None: All rights reserved

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Hawthorn, F., Bayliss, D., Wilson, T. G., Bonfanti, A., Adibekyan, V., Alibert, Y., Sousa, S. G., Collins, K. A., Bryant, E. M., Osborn, A., Armstrong, D. J., Abe, L., Acton, J. S., Addison, B. C., Agabi, K., Alonso, R., Alves, D. R., Anglada-Escudé, G., Bárczy, T., ... Zhang, H. (2023). Toi-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 520(3), 3649–3668. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad306

@article{dd7fe374fe1c4998aef8c78872b071b8,

title = "Toi-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf",

abstract = "We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (T = 8.5 mag), high proper motion (∼200 mas yr−1), low metallicity ([Fe/H]≈−0.28) K-dwarf with a mass of 0.68 ± 0.05 M⊙ and a radius of 0.67 ± 0.01 R⊙. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a 1.70 ± 0.07 R⊕ super-Earth in a 3.82-d orbit, placing it directly within the so-called {\textquoteleft}radius valley{\textquoteright}. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a 2.59 ± 0.09 R⊕ mini-Neptune in an 8.60-d orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of 4.5 ± 0.9 M⊕, while TOI-836 c has a mass of 9.6 ± 2.6 M⊕. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 min for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet.",

keywords = "techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities, planets and satellites: detection, stars: individual: TOI-836 (TIC 440887364, GAIA EDR3 6230733559097425152)",

author = "Faith Hawthorn and Daniel Bayliss and Wilson, {Thomas G.} and Andrea Bonfanti and Vardan Adibekyan and Yann Alibert and Sousa, {S{\'e}rgio G.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Bryant, {Edward M.} and Ares Osborn and Armstrong, {David J.} and Lyu Abe and Acton, {Jack S.} and Addison, {Brett C.} and Karim Agabi and Roi Alonso and Alves, {Douglas R.} and Guillem Anglada-Escud{\'e} and Tamas B{\'a}rczy and Thomas Barclay and David Barrado and Barros, {Susana C. C.} and Wolfgang Baumjohann and Philippe Bendjoya and Willy Benz and Allyson Bieryla and Xavier Bonfils and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Alexis Brandeker and Christopher Broeg and Brown, {David J. A.} and Burleigh, {Matthew R.} and Marco Buttu and Juan Cabrera and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and Casewell, {Sarah L.} and David Charbonneau and S{\'e}bastian Charnoz and Ryan Cloutier and Cameron, {Andrew Collier} and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Conti, {Dennis M.} and Nicolas Crouzet and Szil{\'a}rd Czismadia and Davies, {Melvyn B.} and Magali Deleuil and Elisa Delgado-Mena and Laetitia Delrez and Demangeon, {Olivier D. S.} and Brice-Olivier Demory and Georgina Dransfield and Xavier Dumusque and Egger, {Jo Ann} and David Ehrenreich and Philipp Eigm{\"u}ller and Anders Erickson and Zahra Essack and Andrea Fortier and Luca Fossati and Malcolm Fridlund and G{\"u}nther, {Maximilian N.} and Manuel G{\"u}del and Davide Gandolfi and Harvey Gillard and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Crystal Gnilka and Goad, {Michael R.} and Goeke, {Robert F.} and Tristan Guillot and Andreas Hadjigeorghiou and Coel Hellier and Henderson, {Beth A.} and Kevin Heng and Hooton, {Matthew J.} and Keith Horne and Howell, {Steve B.} and Sergio Hoyer and Irwin, {Jonathan M.} and Jenkins, {James S.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Alicia Kendall and Kielkopf, {John F.} and Kiss, {Laszlo L.} and Gaia Lacedelli and Jacques Laskar and Latham, {David W.} and Etangs, {Alain Lecavalier des} and Adrien Leleu and Monika Lendl and Jorge Lillo-Box and Christophe Lovis and Djamel M{\'e}karnia and Bob Massey and Tamzin Masters and Maxted, {Pierre F. L.} and Valerio Nascimbeni and Nielsen, {Louise D.} and O'Brien, {Sean M.} and G{\"o}ran Olofsson and Osborn, {Hugh P.} and Isabella Pagano and Enric Pall{\'e} and Persson, {Carina M.} and Giampaolo Piotto and Peter Plavchan and Don Pollacco and Didier Queloz and Roberto Ragazzoni and Heike Rauer and Ignasi Ribas and George Ricker and Damien S{\'e}gransan and S{\'e}bastien Salmon and Alexandre Santerne and Santos, {Nuno C.} and Gaetano Scandariato and Fran{\c c}ois-Xavier Schmider and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Sara Seager and Avi Shporer and Simon, {Attila E.} and Smith, {Alexis M. S.} and Gregor Srdoc and Manfred Steller and Olga Suarez and Szab{\'o}, {Gyula M.} and Johanna Teske and Nicolas Thomas and Tilbrook, {Rosanna H.} and Triaud, {Amaury H. M. J.} and St{\'e}phane Udry and Grootel, {Val{\'e}rie Van} and Nicholas Walton and Wang, {Sharon X.} and Wheatley, {Peter J.} and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Wittenmyer, {Robert A.} and Hui Zhang",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad306",

language = "English",

volume = "520",

pages = "3649–3668",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "SIPRI/Oxford University Press",

number = "3",

}

Hawthorn, F, Bayliss, D, Wilson, TG, Bonfanti, A, Adibekyan, V, Alibert, Y, Sousa, SG, Collins, KA, Bryant, EM, Osborn, A, Armstrong, DJ, Abe, L, Acton, JS, Addison, BC, Agabi, K, Alonso, R, Alves, DR, Anglada-Escudé, G, Bárczy, T, Barclay, T, Barrado, D, Barros, SCC, Baumjohann, W, Bendjoya, P, Benz, W, Bieryla, A, Bonfils, X, Bouchy, F, Brandeker, A, Broeg, C, Brown, DJA, Burleigh, MR, Buttu, M, Cabrera, J, Caldwell, DA, Casewell, SL, Charbonneau, D, Charnoz, S, Cloutier, R, Cameron, AC, Collins, KI, Conti, DM, Crouzet, N, Czismadia, S, Davies, MB, Deleuil, M, Delgado-Mena, E, Delrez, L, Demangeon, ODS, Demory, B-O, Dransfield, G, Dumusque, X, Egger, JA, Ehrenreich, D, Eigmüller, P, Erickson, A, Essack, Z, Fortier, A, Fossati, L, Fridlund, M, Günther, MN, Güdel, M, Gandolfi, D, Gillard, H, Gillon, M, Gnilka, C, Goad, MR, Goeke, RF, Guillot, T, Hadjigeorghiou, A, Hellier, C, Henderson, BA, Heng, K, Hooton, MJ, Horne, K, Howell, SB, Hoyer, S, Irwin, JM, Jenkins, JS, Jenkins, JM, Jensen, ELN, Kane, SR, Kendall, A, Kielkopf, JF, Kiss, LL, Lacedelli, G, Laskar, J, Latham, DW, Etangs, ALD, Leleu, A, Lendl, M, Lillo-Box, J, Lovis, C, Mékarnia, D, Massey, B, Masters, T, Maxted, PFL, Nascimbeni, V, Nielsen, LD, O'Brien, SM, Olofsson, G, Osborn, HP, Pagano, I, Pallé, E, Persson, CM, Piotto, G, Plavchan, P, Pollacco, D, Queloz, D, Ragazzoni, R, Rauer, H, Ribas, I, Ricker, G, Ségransan, D, Salmon, S, Santerne, A, Santos, NC, Scandariato, G, Schmider, F-X, Schwarz, RP, Seager, S, Shporer, A, Simon, AE, Smith, AMS, Srdoc, G, Steller, M, Suarez, O, Szabó, GM, Teske, J, Thomas, N, Tilbrook, RH, Triaud, AHMJ, Udry, S, Grootel, VV, Walton, N, Wang, SX, Wheatley, PJ, Winn, JN, Wittenmyer, RA & Zhang, H 2023, 'Toi-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 520, no. 3, pp. 3649–3668. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad306

TY - JOUR

T1 - Toi-836

T2 - A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

AU - Hawthorn, Faith

AU - Bayliss, Daniel

AU - Wilson, Thomas G.

AU - Bonfanti, Andrea

AU - Adibekyan, Vardan

AU - Alibert, Yann

AU - Sousa, Sérgio G.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Bryant, Edward M.

AU - Osborn, Ares

AU - Armstrong, David J.

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Acton, Jack S.

AU - Addison, Brett C.

AU - Agabi, Karim

AU - Alonso, Roi

AU - Alves, Douglas R.

AU - Anglada-Escudé, Guillem

AU - Bárczy, Tamas

AU - Barclay, Thomas

AU - Barrado, David

AU - Barros, Susana C. C.

AU - Baumjohann, Wolfgang

AU - Bendjoya, Philippe

AU - Benz, Willy

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Bonfils, Xavier

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Brandeker, Alexis

AU - Broeg, Christopher

AU - Brown, David J. A.

AU - Burleigh, Matthew R.

AU - Buttu, Marco

AU - Cabrera, Juan

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Casewell, Sarah L.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Charnoz, Sébastian

AU - Cloutier, Ryan

AU - Cameron, Andrew Collier

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Crouzet, Nicolas

AU - Czismadia, Szilárd

AU - Davies, Melvyn B.

AU - Deleuil, Magali

AU - Delgado-Mena, Elisa

AU - Delrez, Laetitia

AU - Demangeon, Olivier D. S.

AU - Demory, Brice-Olivier

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Dumusque, Xavier

AU - Egger, Jo Ann

AU - Ehrenreich, David

AU - Eigmüller, Philipp

AU - Erickson, Anders

AU - Essack, Zahra

AU - Fortier, Andrea

AU - Fossati, Luca

AU - Fridlund, Malcolm

AU - Günther, Maximilian N.

AU - Güdel, Manuel

AU - Gandolfi, Davide

AU - Gillard, Harvey

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Gnilka, Crystal

AU - Goad, Michael R.

AU - Goeke, Robert F.

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Hadjigeorghiou, Andreas

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Henderson, Beth A.

AU - Heng, Kevin

AU - Hooton, Matthew J.

AU - Horne, Keith

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Hoyer, Sergio

AU - Irwin, Jonathan M.

AU - Jenkins, James S.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Kendall, Alicia

AU - Kielkopf, John F.

AU - Kiss, Laszlo L.

AU - Lacedelli, Gaia

AU - Laskar, Jacques

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Etangs, Alain Lecavalier des

AU - Leleu, Adrien

AU - Lendl, Monika

AU - Lillo-Box, Jorge

AU - Lovis, Christophe

AU - Mékarnia, Djamel

AU - Massey, Bob

AU - Masters, Tamzin

AU - Maxted, Pierre F. L.

AU - Nascimbeni, Valerio

AU - Nielsen, Louise D.

AU - O'Brien, Sean M.

AU - Olofsson, Göran

AU - Osborn, Hugh P.

AU - Pagano, Isabella

AU - Pallé, Enric

AU - Persson, Carina M.

AU - Piotto, Giampaolo

AU - Plavchan, Peter

AU - Pollacco, Don

AU - Queloz, Didier

AU - Ragazzoni, Roberto

AU - Rauer, Heike

AU - Ribas, Ignasi

AU - Ricker, George

AU - Ségransan, Damien

AU - Salmon, Sébastien

AU - Santerne, Alexandre

AU - Santos, Nuno C.

AU - Scandariato, Gaetano

AU - Schmider, François-Xavier

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Simon, Attila E.

AU - Smith, Alexis M. S.

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Steller, Manfred

AU - Suarez, Olga

AU - Szabó, Gyula M.

AU - Teske, Johanna

AU - Thomas, Nicolas

AU - Tilbrook, Rosanna H.

AU - Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Grootel, Valérie Van

AU - Walton, Nicholas

AU - Wang, Sharon X.

AU - Wheatley, Peter J.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Wittenmyer, Robert A.

AU - Zhang, Hui

PY - 2023/4

Y1 - 2023/4

N2 - We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (T = 8.5 mag), high proper motion (∼200 mas yr−1), low metallicity ([Fe/H]≈−0.28) K-dwarf with a mass of 0.68 ± 0.05 M⊙ and a radius of 0.67 ± 0.01 R⊙. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a 1.70 ± 0.07 R⊕ super-Earth in a 3.82-d orbit, placing it directly within the so-called ‘radius valley’. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a 2.59 ± 0.09 R⊕ mini-Neptune in an 8.60-d orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of 4.5 ± 0.9 M⊕, while TOI-836 c has a mass of 9.6 ± 2.6 M⊕. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 min for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet.

AB - We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (T = 8.5 mag), high proper motion (∼200 mas yr−1), low metallicity ([Fe/H]≈−0.28) K-dwarf with a mass of 0.68 ± 0.05 M⊙ and a radius of 0.67 ± 0.01 R⊙. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a 1.70 ± 0.07 R⊕ super-Earth in a 3.82-d orbit, placing it directly within the so-called ‘radius valley’. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a 2.59 ± 0.09 R⊕ mini-Neptune in an 8.60-d orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of 4.5 ± 0.9 M⊕, while TOI-836 c has a mass of 9.6 ± 2.6 M⊕. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 min for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet.

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - techniques: radial velocities

KW - planets and satellites: detection

KW - stars: individual: TOI-836 (TIC 440887364

KW - GAIA EDR3 6230733559097425152)

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad306

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad306

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 520

SP - 3649

EP - 3668

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 3

ER -

Toi-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

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