Severe adverse impact on sexual functioning and fertility of bone marrow transplantation, either allogeneic or autologous, compared with consolidation chemotherapy alone: Analysis of the MRC AML 10 trial

BACKGROUND. Data relating to the impact of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on sexual functioning are equivocal; some studies have shown no major impact whereas others demonstrate a significant adverse effect on sexual health in patients treated with BMT. Further clarification is required to facilitate treatment choices and follow-up management of patients. METHODS. A cross-sectional study of sexual health and infertility was conducted in 479 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR) who were entered into the UK MRC AML 10 trial comparing allogeneic BMT (Allo- BMT), autologous BMT (A-BMT), and intensive consolidation chemotherapy (CCT). Assessment was made by patient questionnaire via the treating centers for completion and returned directly to the coordinating center. RESULTS. Both Allo-BMT and A-BMT were observed to have severe, highly significant adverse effects on the patients' sexual health. Significantly more BMT patients than CCT patients reported a decrease in interest in sex (48% vs. 24%), sexual activity (53% vs. 35%), pleasure from sex (36% vs. 18%), and ability to have sex (38% vs. 18%) (P < 0.001 in each case). Hormonal disorders and infertility also were more common in BMT patients than in CCT patients. These differences were more apparent in women and remained after adjustment for age. CONCLUSIONS. These results indicate a need to consider quality of life parameters when reviewing treatment options and to instigate effective proactive management strategies for dealing with sexual health problems in leukemia survivors.