Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array

M. Falxa; S. Babak; P. T. Baker; B. Bécsy; A. Chalumeau; S. Chen; Z. Chen; N. J. Cornish; L. Guillemot; J. S. Hazboun; C. M. F. Mingarelli; A. Parthasarathy; A. Petiteau; N. S. Pol; A. Sesana; S. B. Spolaor; S. R. Taylor; G. Theureau; M. Vallisneri; S. J. Vigeland; C. A. Witt; X. Zhu; J. Antoniadis; Z. Arzoumanian; M. Bailes; N. D. R. Bhat; L. Blecha; A. Brazier; P. R. Brook; N. Caballero; A. D. Cameron; J. A. Casey-Clyde; D. Champion; M. Charisi; S. Chatterjee; I. Cognard; J. M. Cordes; F. Crawford; H. T. Cromartie; K. Crowter; S. Dai; M. E. DeCesar; P. B. Demorest; G. Desvignes; T. Dolch; B. Drachler; Y. Feng; E. C. Ferrara; W. Fiore; E. Fonseca; N. Garver-Daniels; J. Glaser; B. Goncharov; D. C. Good; J. Griessmeier; Y. J. Guo; K. Gültekin; G. Hobbs; H. Hu; K. Islo; J. Jang; R. J. Jennings; A. D. Johnson; M. L. Jones; J. Kaczmarek; A. R. Kaiser; D. L. Kaplan; M. Keith; L. Z. Kelley; M. Kerr; J. S. Key; N. Laal; M. T. Lam; W. G. Lamb; T. J. W. Lazio; K. Liu; T. Liu; J. Luo; R. S. Lynch; D. R. Madison; R. Main; R. Manchester; A. McEwen; J. McKee; M. A. McLaughlin; C. Ng; D. J. Nice; S. Ocker; K. D. Olum; S. Osłowski; T. T. Pennucci; B. B. P. Perera; D. Perrodin; N. Porayko; A. Possenti; H. Quelquejay-Leclere; S. M. Ransom; P. S. Ray; D. J. Reardon; C. J. Russell; A. Samajdar; J. Sarkissian; L. Schult; G. Shaifullah; R. M. Shannon; B. J. Shapiro-Albert; X. Siemens; J. J. Simon; M. Siwek; T. L. Smith; L. Speri; R. Spiewak; I. H. Stairs; B. Stappers; D. R. Stinebring; J. K. Swiggum; C. Tiburzi; J. Turner; A. Vecchio; J. P. W. Verbiest; H. Wahl; S. Q. Wang; J. Wang; J. Wang; Z. Wu; L. Zhang; S. Zhang

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad812

Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array

M. Falxa^*, S. Babak, P. T. Baker, B. Bécsy, A. Chalumeau, S. Chen, Z. Chen, N. J. Cornish, L. Guillemot, J. S. Hazboun, C. M. F. Mingarelli, A. Parthasarathy, A. Petiteau, N. S. Pol, A. Sesana, S. B. Spolaor, S. R. Taylor, G. Theureau, M. Vallisneri, S. J. VigelandC. A. Witt, X. Zhu, J. Antoniadis, Z. Arzoumanian, M. Bailes, N. D. R. Bhat, L. Blecha, A. Brazier, P. R. Brook, N. Caballero, A. D. Cameron, J. A. Casey-Clyde, D. Champion, M. Charisi, S. Chatterjee, I. Cognard, J. M. Cordes, F. Crawford, H. T. Cromartie, K. Crowter, S. Dai, M. E. DeCesar, P. B. Demorest, G. Desvignes, T. Dolch, B. Drachler, Y. Feng, E. C. Ferrara, W. Fiore, E. Fonseca, N. Garver-Daniels, J. Glaser, B. Goncharov, D. C. Good, J. Griessmeier, Y. J. Guo, K. Gültekin, G. Hobbs, H. Hu, K. Islo, J. Jang, R. J. Jennings, A. D. Johnson, M. L. Jones, J. Kaczmarek, A. R. Kaiser, D. L. Kaplan, M. Keith, L. Z. Kelley, M. Kerr, J. S. Key, N. Laal, M. T. Lam, W. G. Lamb, T. J. W. Lazio, K. Liu, T. Liu, J. Luo, R. S. Lynch, D. R. Madison, R. Main, R. Manchester, A. McEwen, J. McKee, M. A. McLaughlin, C. Ng, D. J. Nice, S. Ocker, K. D. Olum, S. Osłowski, T. T. Pennucci, B. B. P. Perera, D. Perrodin, N. Porayko, A. Possenti, H. Quelquejay-Leclere, S. M. Ransom, P. S. Ray, D. J. Reardon, C. J. Russell, A. Samajdar, J. Sarkissian, L. Schult, G. Shaifullah, R. M. Shannon, B. J. Shapiro-Albert, X. Siemens, J. J. Simon, M. Siwek, T. L. Smith, L. Speri, R. Spiewak, I. H. Stairs, B. Stappers, D. R. Stinebring, J. K. Swiggum, C. Tiburzi, J. Turner, A. Vecchio, J. P. W. Verbiest, H. Wahl, S. Q. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Wu, L. Zhang, S. Zhang

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Abstract

The International Pulsar Timing Array 2nd data release is the combination of datasets from worldwide collaborations. In this study, we search for continuous waves: gravitational wave signals produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries in the local universe. We consider binaries on circular orbits and neglect the evolution of orbital frequency over the observational span. We find no evidence for such signals and set sky averaged 95% upper limits on their amplitude h 95 . The most sensitive frequency is 10nHz with h 95 = 9.1 10-15 . We achieved the best upper limit to date at low and high frequencies of the PTA band thanks to improved effective cadence of observations. In our analysis, we have taken into account the recently discovered common red noise process, which has an impact at low frequencies. We also find that the peculiar noise features present in some pulsars data must be taken into account to reduce the false alarm. We show that using custom noise models is essential in searching for continuous gravitational wave signals and setting the upper limit.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5-77-5086
Number of pages	10
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	521
Issue number	4
Early online date	21 Mar 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad812
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2023

Bibliographical note

Publication:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 521, Issue 4, pp.5077-5086
Pub Date: June 2023

Keywords

gr-qc
astro-ph.IM

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10.1093/mnras/stad812Licence: None: All rights reserved

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This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record, M Falxa et al., 'Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 521, Issue 4, June 2023, Pages 5077–5086, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad812.
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Falxa, M., Babak, S., Baker, P. T., Bécsy, B., Chalumeau, A., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Cornish, N. J., Guillemot, L., Hazboun, J. S., Mingarelli, C. M. F., Parthasarathy, A., Petiteau, A., Pol, N. S., Sesana, A., Spolaor, S. B., Taylor, S. R., Theureau, G., Vallisneri, M., ... Zhang, S. (2023). Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 521(4), 5-77-5086. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad812

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title = "Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array",

abstract = " The International Pulsar Timing Array 2nd data release is the combination of datasets from worldwide collaborations. In this study, we search for continuous waves: gravitational wave signals produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries in the local universe. We consider binaries on circular orbits and neglect the evolution of orbital frequency over the observational span. We find no evidence for such signals and set sky averaged 95% upper limits on their amplitude h 95 . The most sensitive frequency is 10nHz with h 95 = 9.1 10-15 . We achieved the best upper limit to date at low and high frequencies of the PTA band thanks to improved effective cadence of observations. In our analysis, we have taken into account the recently discovered common red noise process, which has an impact at low frequencies. We also find that the peculiar noise features present in some pulsars data must be taken into account to reduce the false alarm. We show that using custom noise models is essential in searching for continuous gravitational wave signals and setting the upper limit. ",

keywords = "gr-qc, astro-ph.IM",

author = "M. Falxa and S. Babak and Baker, {P. T.} and B. B{\'e}csy and A. Chalumeau and S. Chen and Z. Chen and Cornish, {N. J.} and L. Guillemot and Hazboun, {J. S.} and Mingarelli, {C. M. F.} and A. Parthasarathy and A. Petiteau and Pol, {N. S.} and A. Sesana and Spolaor, {S. B.} and Taylor, {S. R.} and G. Theureau and M. Vallisneri and Vigeland, {S. J.} and Witt, {C. A.} and X. Zhu and J. Antoniadis and Z. Arzoumanian and M. Bailes and Bhat, {N. D. R.} and L. Blecha and A. Brazier and Brook, {P. R.} and N. Caballero and Cameron, {A. D.} and Casey-Clyde, {J. A.} and D. Champion and M. Charisi and S. Chatterjee and I. Cognard and Cordes, {J. M.} and F. Crawford and Cromartie, {H. T.} and K. Crowter and S. Dai and DeCesar, {M. E.} and Demorest, {P. B.} and G. Desvignes and T. Dolch and B. Drachler and Y. Feng and Ferrara, {E. C.} and W. Fiore and E. Fonseca and N. Garver-Daniels and J. Glaser and B. Goncharov and Good, {D. C.} and J. Griessmeier and Guo, {Y. J.} and K. G{\"u}ltekin and G. Hobbs and H. Hu and K. Islo and J. Jang and Jennings, {R. J.} and Johnson, {A. D.} and Jones, {M. L.} and J. Kaczmarek and Kaiser, {A. R.} and Kaplan, {D. L.} and M. Keith and Kelley, {L. Z.} and M. Kerr and Key, {J. S.} and N. Laal and Lam, {M. T.} and Lamb, {W. G.} and Lazio, {T. J. W.} and K. Liu and T. Liu and J. Luo and Lynch, {R. S.} and Madison, {D. R.} and R. Main and R. Manchester and A. McEwen and J. McKee and McLaughlin, {M. A.} and C. Ng and Nice, {D. J.} and S. Ocker and Olum, {K. D.} and S. Os{\l}owski and Pennucci, {T. T.} and Perera, {B. B. P.} and D. Perrodin and N. Porayko and A. Possenti and H. Quelquejay-Leclere and Ransom, {S. M.} and Ray, {P. S.} and Reardon, {D. J.} and Russell, {C. J.} and A. Samajdar and J. Sarkissian and L. Schult and G. Shaifullah and Shannon, {R. M.} and Shapiro-Albert, {B. J.} and X. Siemens and Simon, {J. J.} and M. Siwek and Smith, {T. L.} and L. Speri and R. Spiewak and Stairs, {I. H.} and B. Stappers and Stinebring, {D. R.} and Swiggum, {J. K.} and C. Tiburzi and J. Turner and A. Vecchio and Verbiest, {J. P. W.} and H. Wahl and Wang, {S. Q.} and J. Wang and J. Wang and Z. Wu and L. Zhang and S. Zhang",

note = "Publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 521, Issue 4, pp.5077-5086 Pub Date: June 2023",

year = "2023",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad812",

language = "English",

volume = "521",

pages = "5--77--5086",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "SIPRI/Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Falxa, M, Babak, S, Baker, PT, Bécsy, B, Chalumeau, A, Chen, S, Chen, Z, Cornish, NJ, Guillemot, L, Hazboun, JS, Mingarelli, CMF, Parthasarathy, A, Petiteau, A, Pol, NS, Sesana, A, Spolaor, SB, Taylor, SR, Theureau, G, Vallisneri, M, Vigeland, SJ, Witt, CA, Zhu, X, Antoniadis, J, Arzoumanian, Z, Bailes, M, Bhat, NDR, Blecha, L, Brazier, A, Brook, PR, Caballero, N, Cameron, AD, Casey-Clyde, JA, Champion, D, Charisi, M, Chatterjee, S, Cognard, I, Cordes, JM, Crawford, F, Cromartie, HT, Crowter, K, Dai, S, DeCesar, ME, Demorest, PB, Desvignes, G, Dolch, T, Drachler, B, Feng, Y, Ferrara, EC, Fiore, W, Fonseca, E, Garver-Daniels, N, Glaser, J, Goncharov, B, Good, DC, Griessmeier, J, Guo, YJ, Gültekin, K, Hobbs, G, Hu, H, Islo, K, Jang, J, Jennings, RJ, Johnson, AD, Jones, ML, Kaczmarek, J, Kaiser, AR, Kaplan, DL, Keith, M, Kelley, LZ, Kerr, M, Key, JS, Laal, N, Lam, MT, Lamb, WG, Lazio, TJW, Liu, K, Liu, T, Luo, J, Lynch, RS, Madison, DR, Main, R, Manchester, R, McEwen, A, McKee, J, McLaughlin, MA, Ng, C, Nice, DJ, Ocker, S, Olum, KD, Osłowski, S, Pennucci, TT, Perera, BBP, Perrodin, D, Porayko, N, Possenti, A, Quelquejay-Leclere, H, Ransom, SM, Ray, PS, Reardon, DJ, Russell, CJ, Samajdar, A, Sarkissian, J, Schult, L, Shaifullah, G, Shannon, RM, Shapiro-Albert, BJ, Siemens, X, Simon, JJ, Siwek, M, Smith, TL, Speri, L, Spiewak, R, Stairs, IH, Stappers, B, Stinebring, DR, Swiggum, JK, Tiburzi, C, Turner, J, Vecchio, A, Verbiest, JPW, Wahl, H, Wang, SQ, Wang, J, Wang, J, Wu, Z, Zhang, L & Zhang, S 2023, 'Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 521, no. 4, pp. 5-77-5086. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad812

TY - JOUR

T1 - Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array

AU - Falxa, M.

AU - Babak, S.

AU - Baker, P. T.

AU - Bécsy, B.

AU - Chalumeau, A.

AU - Chen, S.

AU - Chen, Z.

AU - Cornish, N. J.

AU - Guillemot, L.

AU - Hazboun, J. S.

AU - Mingarelli, C. M. F.

AU - Parthasarathy, A.

AU - Petiteau, A.

AU - Pol, N. S.

AU - Sesana, A.

AU - Spolaor, S. B.

AU - Taylor, S. R.

AU - Theureau, G.

AU - Vallisneri, M.

AU - Vigeland, S. J.

AU - Witt, C. A.

AU - Zhu, X.

AU - Antoniadis, J.

AU - Arzoumanian, Z.

AU - Bailes, M.

AU - Bhat, N. D. R.

AU - Blecha, L.

AU - Brazier, A.

AU - Brook, P. R.

AU - Caballero, N.

AU - Cameron, A. D.

AU - Casey-Clyde, J. A.

AU - Champion, D.

AU - Charisi, M.

AU - Chatterjee, S.

AU - Cognard, I.

AU - Cordes, J. M.

AU - Crawford, F.

AU - Cromartie, H. T.

AU - Crowter, K.

AU - Dai, S.

AU - DeCesar, M. E.

AU - Demorest, P. B.

AU - Desvignes, G.

AU - Dolch, T.

AU - Drachler, B.

AU - Feng, Y.

AU - Ferrara, E. C.

AU - Fiore, W.

AU - Fonseca, E.

AU - Garver-Daniels, N.

AU - Glaser, J.

AU - Goncharov, B.

AU - Good, D. C.

AU - Griessmeier, J.

AU - Guo, Y. J.

AU - Gültekin, K.

AU - Hobbs, G.

AU - Hu, H.

AU - Islo, K.

AU - Jang, J.

AU - Jennings, R. J.

AU - Johnson, A. D.

AU - Jones, M. L.

AU - Kaczmarek, J.

AU - Kaiser, A. R.

AU - Kaplan, D. L.

AU - Keith, M.

AU - Kelley, L. Z.

AU - Kerr, M.

AU - Key, J. S.

AU - Laal, N.

AU - Lam, M. T.

AU - Lamb, W. G.

AU - Lazio, T. J. W.

AU - Liu, K.

AU - Liu, T.

AU - Luo, J.

AU - Lynch, R. S.

AU - Madison, D. R.

AU - Main, R.

AU - Manchester, R.

AU - McEwen, A.

AU - McKee, J.

AU - McLaughlin, M. A.

AU - Ng, C.

AU - Nice, D. J.

AU - Ocker, S.

AU - Olum, K. D.

AU - Osłowski, S.

AU - Pennucci, T. T.

AU - Perera, B. B. P.

AU - Perrodin, D.

AU - Porayko, N.

AU - Possenti, A.

AU - Quelquejay-Leclere, H.

AU - Ransom, S. M.

AU - Ray, P. S.

AU - Reardon, D. J.

AU - Russell, C. J.

AU - Samajdar, A.

AU - Sarkissian, J.

AU - Schult, L.

AU - Shaifullah, G.

AU - Shannon, R. M.

AU - Shapiro-Albert, B. J.

AU - Siemens, X.

AU - Simon, J. J.

AU - Siwek, M.

AU - Smith, T. L.

AU - Speri, L.

AU - Spiewak, R.

AU - Stairs, I. H.

AU - Stappers, B.

AU - Stinebring, D. R.

AU - Swiggum, J. K.

AU - Tiburzi, C.

AU - Turner, J.

AU - Vecchio, A.

AU - Verbiest, J. P. W.

AU - Wahl, H.

AU - Wang, S. Q.

AU - Wang, J.

AU - Wu, Z.

AU - Zhang, L.

AU - Zhang, S.

N1 - Publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 521, Issue 4, pp.5077-5086 Pub Date: June 2023

PY - 2023/6/1

Y1 - 2023/6/1

N2 - The International Pulsar Timing Array 2nd data release is the combination of datasets from worldwide collaborations. In this study, we search for continuous waves: gravitational wave signals produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries in the local universe. We consider binaries on circular orbits and neglect the evolution of orbital frequency over the observational span. We find no evidence for such signals and set sky averaged 95% upper limits on their amplitude h 95 . The most sensitive frequency is 10nHz with h 95 = 9.1 10-15 . We achieved the best upper limit to date at low and high frequencies of the PTA band thanks to improved effective cadence of observations. In our analysis, we have taken into account the recently discovered common red noise process, which has an impact at low frequencies. We also find that the peculiar noise features present in some pulsars data must be taken into account to reduce the false alarm. We show that using custom noise models is essential in searching for continuous gravitational wave signals and setting the upper limit.

AB - The International Pulsar Timing Array 2nd data release is the combination of datasets from worldwide collaborations. In this study, we search for continuous waves: gravitational wave signals produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries in the local universe. We consider binaries on circular orbits and neglect the evolution of orbital frequency over the observational span. We find no evidence for such signals and set sky averaged 95% upper limits on their amplitude h 95 . The most sensitive frequency is 10nHz with h 95 = 9.1 10-15 . We achieved the best upper limit to date at low and high frequencies of the PTA band thanks to improved effective cadence of observations. In our analysis, we have taken into account the recently discovered common red noise process, which has an impact at low frequencies. We also find that the peculiar noise features present in some pulsars data must be taken into account to reduce the false alarm. We show that using custom noise models is essential in searching for continuous gravitational wave signals and setting the upper limit.

KW - gr-qc

KW - astro-ph.IM

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad812

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad812

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 521

SP - 5-77-5086

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array

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