Search for a new Z' gauge boson in 4μ events with the ATLAS experiment

This paper presents a search for a new Z' vector gauge boson with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using pp collision data collected at √s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb⁻¹. The new gauge boson Z' is predicted by L_μ−L_τ models to address observed phenomena that can not be explained by the Standard Model. The search examines the four-muon (4μ) final state, using a deep learning neural network classifier to separate the Z' signal from the Standard Model background events. The di-muon invariant masses in the 4μ events are used to extract the Z' resonance signature. No significant excess of events is observed over the predicted background. Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the Z' production cross-section times the decay branching fraction of pp→Z′μμ→4μ are set from 0.31 to 4.3 fb for the Z' mass ranging from 5 to 81 GeV. The corresponding common coupling strengths, gZ′, of the Z' boson to the second and third generation leptons above 0.003 - 0.2 have been excluded.