Radial-velocity discovery of a second planet in the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary system

Matthew R. Standing; Lalitha Sairam; David V. Martin; Amaury H. M. J. Triaud; Alexandre C. M. Correia; Gavin A. L. Coleman; Thomas A. Baycroft; Vedad Kunovac; Isabelle Boisse; Andrew Collier Cameron; Georgina Dransfield; João P. Faria; Michaël Gillon; Nathan C. Hara; Coel Hellier; Jonathan Howard; Ellie Lane; Rosemary Mardling; Pierre F. L. Maxted; Nicola J. Miller; Richard P. Nelson; Jerome A. Orosz; Franscesco Pepe; Alexandre Santerne; Daniel Sebastian; Stéphane Udry; William F. Welsh

doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4

Radial-velocity discovery of a second planet in the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary system

Matthew R. Standing^*, Lalitha Sairam, David V. Martin, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Alexandre C. M. Correia, Gavin A. L. Coleman, Thomas A. Baycroft, Vedad Kunovac, Isabelle Boisse, Andrew Collier Cameron, Georgina Dransfield, João P. Faria, Michaël Gillon, Nathan C. Hara, Coel Hellier, Jonathan Howard, Ellie Lane, Rosemary Mardling, Pierre F. L. Maxted, Nicola J. MillerRichard P. Nelson, Jerome A. Orosz, Franscesco Pepe, Alexandre Santerne, Daniel Sebastian, Stéphane Udry, William F. Welsh

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

Circumbinary planets, those that orbit around both stars of a central binary star system, challenge our understanding of planet formation. With only 12 binary systems known to host circumbinary planets, identifying more of these planets, along with their physical properties, could help to discern some of the physical processes that govern planet formation. Here we analyse radial-velocity data obtained by the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs and report the detection of BEBOP-1 c, a gas giant planet with a mass of 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses (M_⊕) orbiting around both stars of an eclipsing binary star system with a period of 215.5 ± 3.3 days. The system TOI-1338, hereafter referred to as BEBOP-1, which also hosts the smaller and inner transiting planet TOI-1338 b, is only the second confirmed multiplanetary circumbinary system. We do not detect TOI-1338 b with radial-velocity data alone, and we can place an upper limit on its mass of 21.8 M_⊕ with 99% confidence. TOI-1338 b is amenable to atmospheric characterization using JWST, so the BEBOP-1 system has the potential to act as a benchmark for circumbinary exo-atmospheric studies.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	702–714
Number of pages	13
Journal	Nature Astronomy
Volume	7
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4
Publication status	Published - 12 Jun 2023

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StandingM2023Radial-velocity
This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4
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Empirical evidence and theoretical investigations on circumbinary planets.
Triaud, A.
Leverhulme Trust
1/10/19 → 30/09/23
Project: Research

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Standing, M. R., Sairam, L., Martin, D. V., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Correia, A. C. M., Coleman, G. A. L., Baycroft, T. A., Kunovac, V., Boisse, I., Cameron, A. C., Dransfield, G., Faria, J. P., Gillon, M., Hara, N. C., Hellier, C., Howard, J., Lane, E., Mardling, R., Maxted, P. F. L., ... Welsh, W. F. (2023). Radial-velocity discovery of a second planet in the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary system. Nature Astronomy, 7(6), 702–714. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4

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title = "Radial-velocity discovery of a second planet in the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary system",

abstract = "Circumbinary planets, those that orbit around both stars of a central binary star system, challenge our understanding of planet formation. With only 12 binary systems known to host circumbinary planets, identifying more of these planets, along with their physical properties, could help to discern some of the physical processes that govern planet formation. Here we analyse radial-velocity data obtained by the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs and report the detection of BEBOP-1 c, a gas giant planet with a mass of 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses (M⊕) orbiting around both stars of an eclipsing binary star system with a period of 215.5 ± 3.3 days. The system TOI-1338, hereafter referred to as BEBOP-1, which also hosts the smaller and inner transiting planet TOI-1338 b, is only the second confirmed multiplanetary circumbinary system. We do not detect TOI-1338 b with radial-velocity data alone, and we can place an upper limit on its mass of 21.8 M⊕ with 99% confidence. TOI-1338 b is amenable to atmospheric characterization using JWST, so the BEBOP-1 system has the potential to act as a benchmark for circumbinary exo-atmospheric studies.",

author = "Standing, {Matthew R.} and Lalitha Sairam and Martin, {David V.} and Triaud, {Amaury H. M. J.} and Correia, {Alexandre C. M.} and Coleman, {Gavin A. L.} and Baycroft, {Thomas A.} and Vedad Kunovac and Isabelle Boisse and Cameron, {Andrew Collier} and Georgina Dransfield and Faria, {Jo{\~a}o P.} and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Hara, {Nathan C.} and Coel Hellier and Jonathan Howard and Ellie Lane and Rosemary Mardling and Maxted, {Pierre F. L.} and Miller, {Nicola J.} and Nelson, {Richard P.} and Orosz, {Jerome A.} and Franscesco Pepe and Alexandre Santerne and Daniel Sebastian and St{\'e}phane Udry and Welsh, {William F.}",

year = "2023",

month = jun,

day = "12",

doi = "10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

pages = "702–714",

journal = "Nature Astronomy",

issn = "2397-3366",

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Standing, MR, Sairam, L, Martin, DV, Triaud, AHMJ, Correia, ACM, Coleman, GAL, Baycroft, TA, Kunovac, V, Boisse, I, Cameron, AC, Dransfield, G, Faria, JP, Gillon, M, Hara, NC, Hellier, C, Howard, J, Lane, E, Mardling, R, Maxted, PFL, Miller, NJ, Nelson, RP, Orosz, JA, Pepe, F, Santerne, A, Sebastian, D, Udry, S & Welsh, WF 2023, 'Radial-velocity discovery of a second planet in the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary system', Nature Astronomy, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 702–714. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4

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AU - Standing, Matthew R.

AU - Sairam, Lalitha

AU - Martin, David V.

AU - Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.

AU - Correia, Alexandre C. M.

AU - Coleman, Gavin A. L.

AU - Baycroft, Thomas A.

AU - Kunovac, Vedad

AU - Boisse, Isabelle

AU - Cameron, Andrew Collier

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Faria, João P.

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Hara, Nathan C.

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Howard, Jonathan

AU - Lane, Ellie

AU - Mardling, Rosemary

AU - Maxted, Pierre F. L.

AU - Miller, Nicola J.

AU - Nelson, Richard P.

AU - Orosz, Jerome A.

AU - Pepe, Franscesco

AU - Santerne, Alexandre

AU - Sebastian, Daniel

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Welsh, William F.

PY - 2023/6/12

Y1 - 2023/6/12

N2 - Circumbinary planets, those that orbit around both stars of a central binary star system, challenge our understanding of planet formation. With only 12 binary systems known to host circumbinary planets, identifying more of these planets, along with their physical properties, could help to discern some of the physical processes that govern planet formation. Here we analyse radial-velocity data obtained by the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs and report the detection of BEBOP-1 c, a gas giant planet with a mass of 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses (M⊕) orbiting around both stars of an eclipsing binary star system with a period of 215.5 ± 3.3 days. The system TOI-1338, hereafter referred to as BEBOP-1, which also hosts the smaller and inner transiting planet TOI-1338 b, is only the second confirmed multiplanetary circumbinary system. We do not detect TOI-1338 b with radial-velocity data alone, and we can place an upper limit on its mass of 21.8 M⊕ with 99% confidence. TOI-1338 b is amenable to atmospheric characterization using JWST, so the BEBOP-1 system has the potential to act as a benchmark for circumbinary exo-atmospheric studies.

AB - Circumbinary planets, those that orbit around both stars of a central binary star system, challenge our understanding of planet formation. With only 12 binary systems known to host circumbinary planets, identifying more of these planets, along with their physical properties, could help to discern some of the physical processes that govern planet formation. Here we analyse radial-velocity data obtained by the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs and report the detection of BEBOP-1 c, a gas giant planet with a mass of 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses (M⊕) orbiting around both stars of an eclipsing binary star system with a period of 215.5 ± 3.3 days. The system TOI-1338, hereafter referred to as BEBOP-1, which also hosts the smaller and inner transiting planet TOI-1338 b, is only the second confirmed multiplanetary circumbinary system. We do not detect TOI-1338 b with radial-velocity data alone, and we can place an upper limit on its mass of 21.8 M⊕ with 99% confidence. TOI-1338 b is amenable to atmospheric characterization using JWST, so the BEBOP-1 system has the potential to act as a benchmark for circumbinary exo-atmospheric studies.

U2 - 10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4

DO - 10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4

M3 - Article

SN - 2397-3366

VL - 7

SP - 702

EP - 714

JO - Nature Astronomy

JF - Nature Astronomy

IS - 6

ER -

Radial-velocity discovery of a second planet in the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary system

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Empirical evidence and theoretical investigations on circumbinary planets.

Cite this