TY - JOUR
T1 - Prognostic Factors of Perceived Disability and Perceived Recovery After Whiplash
T2 - A Longitudinal, Prospective Study With One-year Follow-up
AU - Pedrero-Martin, Yolanda
AU - Falla, Deborah
AU - Rodriguez-Brazzarola, Pablo
AU - Torrontegui-Duarte, Marcelino
AU - Fernandez-Sanchez, Manuel
AU - Jerez-Aragones, Jose Manuel
AU - Liew, Bernard X. W.
AU - Luque-Suarez, Alejandro
N1 - Copyright:
© 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - OBJECTIVES: The understanding of the role that cognitive and emotional factors play in how an individual recovers from a whiplash injury is important. Hence, we sought to evaluate whether pain-related cognitions (self-efficacy beliefs, expectation of recovery, pain catastrophizing, optimism, and pessimism) and emotions (kinesiophobia) are longitudinally associated with the transition to chronic whiplash-associated disorders in terms of perceived disability and perceived recovery at 6 and 12 months.METHODS: One hundred sixty-one participants with acute or subacute whiplash-associated disorder were included. The predictors were: self-efficacy beliefs, expectation of recovery, pain catastrophizing, optimism, pessimism, pain intensity, and kinesiophobia. The 2 outcomes were the dichotomized scores of perceived disability and recovery expectations at 6 and 12 months. Stepwise regression with bootstrap resampling was performed to identify the predictors most strongly associated with the outcomes and the stability of such selection.RESULTS: Baseline perceived disability, pain catastrophizing, and expectation of recovery were the most likely to be statistically significant, with an overage frequency of 87.2%, 84.0%, and 84.0%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Individuals with higher expectations of recovery and lower levels of pain catastrophizing and perceived disability at baseline have higher perceived recovery and perceived disability at 6 and 12 months. These results have important clinical implications as both factors are modifiable through health education approaches.
AB - OBJECTIVES: The understanding of the role that cognitive and emotional factors play in how an individual recovers from a whiplash injury is important. Hence, we sought to evaluate whether pain-related cognitions (self-efficacy beliefs, expectation of recovery, pain catastrophizing, optimism, and pessimism) and emotions (kinesiophobia) are longitudinally associated with the transition to chronic whiplash-associated disorders in terms of perceived disability and perceived recovery at 6 and 12 months.METHODS: One hundred sixty-one participants with acute or subacute whiplash-associated disorder were included. The predictors were: self-efficacy beliefs, expectation of recovery, pain catastrophizing, optimism, pessimism, pain intensity, and kinesiophobia. The 2 outcomes were the dichotomized scores of perceived disability and recovery expectations at 6 and 12 months. Stepwise regression with bootstrap resampling was performed to identify the predictors most strongly associated with the outcomes and the stability of such selection.RESULTS: Baseline perceived disability, pain catastrophizing, and expectation of recovery were the most likely to be statistically significant, with an overage frequency of 87.2%, 84.0%, and 84.0%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Individuals with higher expectations of recovery and lower levels of pain catastrophizing and perceived disability at baseline have higher perceived recovery and perceived disability at 6 and 12 months. These results have important clinical implications as both factors are modifiable through health education approaches.
KW - Humans
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Follow-Up Studies
KW - Prognosis
KW - Whiplash Injuries/complications
KW - Pain/complications
KW - Chronic Disease
KW - Disability Evaluation
U2 - 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001182
DO - 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001182
M3 - Article
C2 - 38031848
SN - 0749-8047
VL - 40
SP - 165
EP - 173
JO - Clinical Journal of Pain
JF - Clinical Journal of Pain
IS - 3
ER -