Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato

Shuting Ding; Jianrong Lv; Zhangjian Hu; Jiao Wang; Ping Wang; Jingquan Yu; Christine H. Foyer; Kai Shi

doi:10.15252/embj.2022111858

Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato

Shuting Ding, Jianrong Lv, Zhangjian Hu, Jiao Wang, Ping Wang, Jingquan Yu, Christine H. Foyer, Kai Shi^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Biosciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.

Original language	English
Article number	e111858
Number of pages	17
Journal	EMBO Journal
Volume	42
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022111858
Publication status	Published - 15 Mar 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172650), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LR19C150001), the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2021C02040), and the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study (SN‐ZJU‐SIAS‐0011).

Publisher Copyright:
©2022 The Authors.

Keywords

calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28
growth and defense
nitrogen assimilation
phytosulfokine
Solanum lycopersicum

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
General Immunology and Microbiology

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Cite this

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title = "Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato",

abstract = "Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.",

keywords = "calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, growth and defense, nitrogen assimilation, phytosulfokine, Solanum lycopersicum",

author = "Shuting Ding and Jianrong Lv and Zhangjian Hu and Jiao Wang and Ping Wang and Jingquan Yu and Foyer, {Christine H.} and Kai Shi",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172650), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LR19C150001), the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2021C02040), and the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study (SN‐ZJU‐SIAS‐0011). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2022 The Authors.",

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AU - Ding, Shuting

AU - Lv, Jianrong

AU - Hu, Zhangjian

AU - Wang, Jiao

AU - Wang, Ping

AU - Yu, Jingquan

AU - Foyer, Christine H.

AU - Shi, Kai

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172650), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LR19C150001), the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2021C02040), and the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study (SN‐ZJU‐SIAS‐0011). Publisher Copyright: ©2022 The Authors.

PY - 2023/3/15

Y1 - 2023/3/15

N2 - Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.

AB - Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.

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Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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