Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives

Younis Ahmad Hajam; Raksha Rani; Shahid Yousuf Ganie; Tariq Ahmad Sheikh; Darakhshan Javaid; Syed Sanober Qadri; Sreepoorna Pramodh; Ahmad Alsulimani; Mustfa F. Alkhanani; Steve Harakeh; Arif Hussain; Shafiul Haque; Mohd Salim Reshi

doi:10.3390/cells11030552

Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives

Younis Ahmad Hajam, Raksha Rani, Shahid Yousuf Ganie, Tariq Ahmad Sheikh, Darakhshan Javaid, Syed Sanober Qadri, Sreepoorna Pramodh, Ahmad Alsulimani, Mustfa F. Alkhanani, Steve Harakeh, Arif Hussain^*, Shafiul Haque^*, Mohd Salim Reshi^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Biomedical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

67 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.

Original language	English
Article number	552
Number of pages	27
Journal	Cells
Volume	11
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030552
Publication status	Published - 5 Feb 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors, S.Y.G., T.A.S., D.J., S.S.Q., M.S.R. are thankful to Central Library and Departmental Library (Department of Zoology) of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University for providing access to different Journals and books for writing this article. M.S.R. is also thankful to University Grants Commission for providing Start-up Research Grant (No. F.30-441/2018 (BSR), 07-06-2018). The authors, Y.A.H. and R.R., are also grateful to the CM-Startup Scheme, Govt of Himachal Pradesh for providing financial assistance under the project (HPSTARTUP/2020/12/03) to Zoology Division, Career Point University, Hamipur, H.P. India. The authors, S.H. and A.A., sincerely acknowledge Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, for providing the access of the Saudi Digital Library for this research work.

Funding Information:
Funding: No financial support was available for this study.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Keywords

Aging
Mechanisms
Oxidative stress
Pathologies
Reactive oxygen species

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Medicine

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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HajamY2022OxidativeFinal published version, 2.99 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

Cite this

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title = "Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives",

abstract = "Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.",

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author = "Hajam, {Younis Ahmad} and Raksha Rani and Ganie, {Shahid Yousuf} and Sheikh, {Tariq Ahmad} and Darakhshan Javaid and Qadri, {Syed Sanober} and Sreepoorna Pramodh and Ahmad Alsulimani and Alkhanani, {Mustfa F.} and Steve Harakeh and Arif Hussain and Shafiul Haque and Reshi, {Mohd Salim}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors, S.Y.G., T.A.S., D.J., S.S.Q., M.S.R. are thankful to Central Library and Departmental Library (Department of Zoology) of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University for providing access to different Journals and books for writing this article. M.S.R. is also thankful to University Grants Commission for providing Start-up Research Grant (No. F.30-441/2018 (BSR), 07-06-2018). The authors, Y.A.H. and R.R., are also grateful to the CM-Startup Scheme, Govt of Himachal Pradesh for providing financial assistance under the project (HPSTARTUP/2020/12/03) to Zoology Division, Career Point University, Hamipur, H.P. India. The authors, S.H. and A.A., sincerely acknowledge Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, for providing the access of the Saudi Digital Library for this research work. Funding Information: Funding: No financial support was available for this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

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language = "English",

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AU - Rani, Raksha

AU - Ganie, Shahid Yousuf

AU - Sheikh, Tariq Ahmad

AU - Javaid, Darakhshan

AU - Qadri, Syed Sanober

AU - Pramodh, Sreepoorna

AU - Alsulimani, Ahmad

AU - Alkhanani, Mustfa F.

AU - Harakeh, Steve

AU - Hussain, Arif

AU - Haque, Shafiul

AU - Reshi, Mohd Salim

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N2 - Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.

AB - Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.

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SN - 2073-4409

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Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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