On the Early and Affordable Diagnosis of Joint Pathologies Using Acoustic Emissions, Deep Learning Decompositions and Prediction Machines

The condition of a joint in a human being is prone to wear and several pathologies, particularly in the elderly and athletes. Current means towards assessing the overall condition of a joint to assess for a pathology involve using tools such as X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging, to name a couple. These expensive methods are of limited availability in resource-constrained environments and pose the risk of radiation exposure to the patient. The prospect of acoustic emissions (AEs) presents a modality that can monitor the joints’ conditions passively by recording the high-frequency stress waves emitted during their motion. One of the main challenges associated with this sensing method is decoding and linking acquired AE signals to their source event. In this paper, we investigate AEs’ use to identify five kinds of joint-wear pathologies using a contrast of expert-based handcrafted features and unsupervised feature learning via deep wavelet decomposition (DWS) alongside 12 machine learning models. The results showed an average classification accuracy of 90 ± 7.16% and 97 ± 3.77% for the handcrafted and DWS-based features, implying good prediction accuracies across the various devised approaches. Subsequent work will involve the potential application of regressions towards estimating the associated stage and extent of a wear condition where present, which can form part of an online system for the condition monitoring of joints in human beings.