Abstract
Aims: Emipagliflozin (EMPA) is a potent inhibitor of the renal sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) and an effective treatment for type-2 diabetes. In patients with diabetes and heart failure, EMPA has cardioprotective effects independent of improved glycaemic control, despite SGLT2 not being expressed in the heart. A number of non-canonical mechanisms have been proposed to explain these cardiac effects, most notably an inhibitory action on cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), causing a reduction in intracellular [Na+] ([Na+]i). However, at resting intracellular pH (pHi), NHE1 activity is very low and its pharmacological inhibition is not expected to meaningfully alter steady-state [Na+]i. We re-evaluate this putative EMPA target by measuring cardiac NHE1 activity.
Methods and results: The effect of EMPA on NHE1 activity was tested in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes from measurements of pHi recovery following an ammonium pre-pulse manoeuvre, using cSNARF1 fluorescence imaging. Whereas 10 μM cariporide produced near-complete inhibition, there was no evidence for NHE1 inhibition with EMPA treatment (1, 3, 10, or 30 μM). Intracellular acidification by acetate-superfusion evoked NHE1 activity and raised [Na+]i, reported by sodium binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) fluorescence, but EMPA did not ablate this rise. EMPA (10 μM) also had no significant effect on the rate of cytoplasmic [Na+]i rise upon superfusion of Na+-depleted cells with Na+-containing buffers. In Langendorff-perfused mouse, rat and guinea pig hearts, EMPA did not affect [Na+]i at baseline nor pHi recovery following acute acidosis, as measured by 23Na triple quantum filtered NMR and 31P NMR, respectively.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that cardiac NHE1 activity is not inhibited by EMPA (or other SGLT2i's) and EMPA has no effect on [Na+]i over a wide range of concentrations, including the therapeutic dose. Thus, the beneficial effects of SGLT2i's in failing hearts should not be interpreted in terms of actions on myocardial NHE1 or intracellular [Na+].
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 2794-2806 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Cardiovascular Research |
Volume | 117 |
Issue number | 14 |
Early online date | 2 Nov 2020 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Dec 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding:This work was supported by British Heart Foundation Programme Grants RG/12/4/29426 (to M.J.S., D.P., and W.F.) and RG/15/9/31534 (to P.S.). T.R.E. acknowledges support from NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and KCL; the Centre of Excellence in Medical Engineering funded by the Wellcome Trust and Engineering and EPSRC (WT 203148/Z/16/Z) and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence (RE/18/2/34213).The Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy is funded by the Wellcome Trust (202767/Z/16/Z) and British Heart Foundation (IG/16/2/32273).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
Keywords
- Heart failure
- Intracellular Na
- Na/H exchanger-1
- NMR spectroscopy
- SGLT2 inhibitor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physiology
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
- Physiology (medical)