TY - JOUR
T1 - Obesity, hypertension, and tobacco use associated with left ventricular remodeling and hypertrophy in South African women
T2 - Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort
AU - Kolkenbeck-Ruh, Andrea
AU - Soepnel, Larske M
AU - Crouch, Simone H
AU - Naidoo, Sanushka
AU - Smith, Wayne
AU - Norris, Shane A
AU - Davies, Justine
AU - Ware, Lisa J
N1 - © 2022. The Author(s).
PY - 2022/9/9
Y1 - 2022/9/9
N2 - BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a marker of increased risk in developing future life-threatening cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, it is unclear how CVD risk factors, such as obesity, blood pressure (BP), and tobacco use, are associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and LVH in urban African populations. Therefore, we aimed to identify the prevalence of LVH as well as the health factors associated with LV remodeling and LVH, within black South African adult women and their pre-pubescent children.METHODS: Black female adults (n = 123; age: 29-68 years) and their children (n = 64; age: 4-10; 55% female) were recruited from the Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort in Soweto, South Africa. Tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, presence of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and medication were self-reported. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured in triplicate to determine the prevalence of obesity and hypertension respectively. Echocardiography was used to assess LV mass at end-diastole, based on linear measurements, and indexed to body surface area to determine LVH.RESULTS: Hypertension and obesity prevalences were 35.8% and 59.3% for adults and 45.3% and 6.3% for children. Self-reported tobacco use in adults was 22.8%. LVH prevalence was 35.8% in adults (75% eccentric: 25% concentric), and 6.3% in children. Concentric remodeling was observed in 15.4% of adults, however, concentric remodeling was only found in one child. In adults, obesity [OR: 2.54 (1.07-6.02; p = 0.02)] and hypertension [3.39 (1.08-10.62; p = 0.04)] significantly increased the odds of LVH, specifically eccentric LVH, while concentric LVH was associated with self-reported tobacco use [OR: 4.58 (1.18-17.73; p = 0.03)]. Although no logistic regression was run within children, of the four children LVH, three had elevated blood pressure and the child with normal blood pressure was overweight.CONCLUSIONS: The association between obesity, hypertension, tobacco use, and LVH in adults, and the 6% prevalence of LVH in children, calls for stronger public health efforts to control risk factors and monitor children who are at risk.
AB - BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a marker of increased risk in developing future life-threatening cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, it is unclear how CVD risk factors, such as obesity, blood pressure (BP), and tobacco use, are associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and LVH in urban African populations. Therefore, we aimed to identify the prevalence of LVH as well as the health factors associated with LV remodeling and LVH, within black South African adult women and their pre-pubescent children.METHODS: Black female adults (n = 123; age: 29-68 years) and their children (n = 64; age: 4-10; 55% female) were recruited from the Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort in Soweto, South Africa. Tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, presence of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and medication were self-reported. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured in triplicate to determine the prevalence of obesity and hypertension respectively. Echocardiography was used to assess LV mass at end-diastole, based on linear measurements, and indexed to body surface area to determine LVH.RESULTS: Hypertension and obesity prevalences were 35.8% and 59.3% for adults and 45.3% and 6.3% for children. Self-reported tobacco use in adults was 22.8%. LVH prevalence was 35.8% in adults (75% eccentric: 25% concentric), and 6.3% in children. Concentric remodeling was observed in 15.4% of adults, however, concentric remodeling was only found in one child. In adults, obesity [OR: 2.54 (1.07-6.02; p = 0.02)] and hypertension [3.39 (1.08-10.62; p = 0.04)] significantly increased the odds of LVH, specifically eccentric LVH, while concentric LVH was associated with self-reported tobacco use [OR: 4.58 (1.18-17.73; p = 0.03)]. Although no logistic regression was run within children, of the four children LVH, three had elevated blood pressure and the child with normal blood pressure was overweight.CONCLUSIONS: The association between obesity, hypertension, tobacco use, and LVH in adults, and the 6% prevalence of LVH in children, calls for stronger public health efforts to control risk factors and monitor children who are at risk.
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Child
KW - Child, Preschool
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Hypertension/complications
KW - Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Obesity
KW - South Africa/epidemiology
KW - Tobacco Use
KW - Ventricular Remodeling/physiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138126968&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12872-022-02837-w
DO - 10.1186/s12872-022-02837-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 36085014
SN - 1471-2261
VL - 22
JO - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
JF - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
IS - 1
M1 - 403
ER -