Multilevel Ordinal Models for Examination Grades

Antony Fielding, H Goldstein, M Yang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In multilevel situations graded category responses are often converted to points scores and linear models for continuous normal responses fitted. This is particularly prevalent in educational research. Generalized multilevel ordinal models for response categories are developed and contrasted in some respects with these normal models. Attention is given to the analysis of a large database of the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level examinations in England and Wales. Ordinal models appear to have advantages in facilitating the study of institutional differences in more detail. Of particular importance is the flexibility offered by logit models with nonproportionally changing odds. Examples are given of the richer contrasts of institutional and subgroup differences that may be evaluated. Appropriate widely available software for this approach is also discussed.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)127-153
Number of pages27
JournalStatistical Modelling
Volume3
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jul 2003

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