Abstract
Although consensus has been reached that the lattice oxygen (O2–) could be ultimately oxidized to molecular O2 in lithium-rich cathode materials (LRCMs), monitoring the local coordination evolutions around oxygen in real time is still demanding. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of using in situ Raman spectroscopy to decipher the local environment changes upon de-/lithiation in Li2RuO3. Evolutions of both the Ru–Ru motions and Ru–O vibrations have been captured by in situ Raman tests and interpreted in combination with multimodal characterizations. Uniquely, triggering the anion redox reactions (ARRs) produces a Raman band (∼500 cm–1), which upon careful examination is attributed to the Ru–O2n– (0 < n < 4) coordination and suggested as the indicator of O–O dimerization. Considering its nondestructivity and high sensitivity to lattice vibrations, this work could shed new light on utilizing Raman spectroscopy to investigate the local coordination evolutions in LRCMs and other materials.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4888–4894 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | ACS Energy Letters |
Volume | 8 |
Issue number | 11 |
Early online date | 27 Oct 2023 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 10 Nov 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Acknowledgments:This work was financially supported by the Basic Research Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen (JCYJ20220818100418040), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials (ZDSYS20200421111401738), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20439, 21875097, 12074167). The authors thank beamline scientists at BL02U (SSRF) for the sXAS measurement. The authors acknowledge Y.H.Z. and S.X.H. for support of in situ XRD tests. The authors acknowledge the assistance of SUSTech Core Research Facilities (CRF).