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Abstract
We analyse 33 Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) taken from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF)’s Bright Transient Survey to investigate the local environments of their host galaxies. We use a spectroscopic sample of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to determine the large-scale environmental density of the host galaxy. Noting that SLSNe are generally found in galaxies with low stellar masses, high star formation rates (SFRs), and low metallicities, we find that SLSN hosts are also rarely found within high-density environments. Only 3+9−1
per cent of SLSN hosts were found in regions with two or more bright galaxies within 2 Mpc. For comparison, we generate a sample of 662 SDSS galaxies matched to the photometric properties of the SLSN hosts. This sample is also rarely found within high-density environments, suggesting that galaxies with properties required for SLSN production favour more isolated environments. Furthermore, we select galaxies within the IllustrisTNG simulation to match SLSN host galaxy properties in colour and stellar mass. We find that the fraction of simulated galaxies in high-density environments quantitatively match the observed SLSN hosts only if we restrict to simulated galaxies with metallicity 12 + log (O/H) ≤ 8.12. In contrast, limiting to only the highest specific star formation rate (sSFR) galaxies in the sample leads to an overabundance of SLSN hosts in high-density environments. Thus, our measurement of the environmental density of SLSN host galaxies appears to break the degeneracy between low metallicity and high sSFR as the driver for SLSN hosts and provides evidence that the most constraining factor on SLSN production is low metallicity.
per cent of SLSN hosts were found in regions with two or more bright galaxies within 2 Mpc. For comparison, we generate a sample of 662 SDSS galaxies matched to the photometric properties of the SLSN hosts. This sample is also rarely found within high-density environments, suggesting that galaxies with properties required for SLSN production favour more isolated environments. Furthermore, we select galaxies within the IllustrisTNG simulation to match SLSN host galaxy properties in colour and stellar mass. We find that the fraction of simulated galaxies in high-density environments quantitatively match the observed SLSN hosts only if we restrict to simulated galaxies with metallicity 12 + log (O/H) ≤ 8.12. In contrast, limiting to only the highest specific star formation rate (sSFR) galaxies in the sample leads to an overabundance of SLSN hosts in high-density environments. Thus, our measurement of the environmental density of SLSN host galaxies appears to break the degeneracy between low metallicity and high sSFR as the driver for SLSN hosts and provides evidence that the most constraining factor on SLSN production is low metallicity.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 3559-3567 |
Journal | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Volume | 524 |
Issue number | 3 |
Early online date | 24 Jul 2023 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 2023 |
Keywords
- galaxies: evolution
- galaxies: star formation
- transients: supernovae
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LISA Science Ground Segment Support 2022-2024
Vecchio, A., McGee, S. & Moore, C.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES COUNCIL
1/04/22 → 31/03/25
Project: Research Councils
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Castor: UK - Project Linkage: BLat CatA 22 CASTOR - This is part of the Science and Exploration Bilaterals Programme (project linkage stated below)
Nicholl, M. & McGee, S.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES COUNCIL, UK SPACE AGENCY
1/01/23 → 30/09/23
Project: Other Government Departments
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KilonovaRank: gravitational wave counterparts and exotic transients with next-generation surveys
Nicholl, M.
1/09/21 → 5/12/23
Project: EU
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Astrophysics at the University of Birmingham
Speake, C., Martynov, D., Stevens, I., Mow-Lowry, C., Vecchio, A., Smith, G., McGee, S., Freise, A., Miao, H., Gough, R. & Windridge, D.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES COUNCIL
1/04/19 → 31/03/23
Project: Research