Integrated port energy system considering integrated demand response and energy interconnection

This paper proposes a framework for modeling an integrated port energy system (IPES). A configuration and sizing model of energy hub (EH) is built for the port area considering integrated demand response (IDR) and energy interconnection (EI). A comparative study of five different planning scenarios, traditional energy supply solution, EH solution, EH with IDR, EH with EI, and EH with both IDR and EI are conducted to identify the best option for minimizing the total planning cost of an IPES. Furthermore, the daily operating conditions of EHs are discussed and sensitivity analyses with varying energy prices, line loss rates, and IDR participation rates are performed to demonstrate the robustness of the model. The impacts of the uncertainties of ships using shore-side power on planning costs are also analyzed. Based on the proposed methods, numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the EHs with multiple energy infrastructures in the IPES. In addition, after considering IDR and EI, the total planning cost decreases significantly, which demonstrates the necessity and benefits of IDR and EI.