Inadequacy of optical smoke measurements for characterization of non-light absorbing particulate matter emissions from gas turbine engines

L. Rye; P. Lobo; P. I. Williams; I. Uryga-Bugajska; S. Christie; C. Wilson; D. Hagen; P. Whitefield; S. Blakey; H. Coe; D. Raper; M. Pourkashanian

doi:10.1080/00102202.2012.697499

Inadequacy of optical smoke measurements for characterization of non-light absorbing particulate matter emissions from gas turbine engines

L. Rye^*, P. Lobo, P. I. Williams, I. Uryga-Bugajska, S. Christie, C. Wilson, D. Hagen, P. Whitefield, S. Blakey, H. Coe, D. Raper, M. Pourkashanian

^*Corresponding author for this work

Mechanical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Analysis of particulate matter (PM) emissions from gas turbine engines, using the conventional smoke number (SN) technique, provides a measure of plume visibility. In this study, PM emissions were sampled from the exhaust of a small gas turbine engine, burning Jet A-1, and Biodiesel. SN results indicated that biodiesel significantly reduced visible emissions. Analysis of PM number and mass concentrations using a differential mobility spectrometer found that although nonvolatile PM was significantly reduced, biodiesel combustion produced a high fraction of volatile PM. Concurrent aerosol mass spectrometer measurements established that the condensable material was organic in composition. The condensation of volatile organics, not captured by the SN technique, significantly increased the total PM emissions. Application of the Society of Automotive Engineers Aerospace Recommended Practice 1179d for gas turbine engines is limited to visible plume characterization and thus is inadequate when combustion produces a large fraction of volatile or non-light absorbing PM emissions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2068-2083
Number of pages	16
Journal	Combustion Science and Technology
Volume	184
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2012.697499
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was separately funded by the Shell Petroleum Company and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). FAA funding was provided through the Partnership for AiR Transportation for Noise and Emissions Reduction (PARTNER)—a FAA-Transport Canada-NASA-sponsored Center of Excellence Project 34 under Grant No. 07-C-NE-UMR Amendment 009 (Carl Ma, Project Manager).

Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Biodiesel
Gas turbine
Jet A-1
Particulate matter
Smoke number

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Chemical Engineering
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
General Physics and Astronomy

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10.1080/00102202.2012.697499

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Rye, L., Lobo, P., Williams, P. I., Uryga-Bugajska, I., Christie, S., Wilson, C., Hagen, D., Whitefield, P., Blakey, S., Coe, H., Raper, D., & Pourkashanian, M. (2012). Inadequacy of optical smoke measurements for characterization of non-light absorbing particulate matter emissions from gas turbine engines. Combustion Science and Technology, 184(12), 2068-2083. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2012.697499

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abstract = "Analysis of particulate matter (PM) emissions from gas turbine engines, using the conventional smoke number (SN) technique, provides a measure of plume visibility. In this study, PM emissions were sampled from the exhaust of a small gas turbine engine, burning Jet A-1, and Biodiesel. SN results indicated that biodiesel significantly reduced visible emissions. Analysis of PM number and mass concentrations using a differential mobility spectrometer found that although nonvolatile PM was significantly reduced, biodiesel combustion produced a high fraction of volatile PM. Concurrent aerosol mass spectrometer measurements established that the condensable material was organic in composition. The condensation of volatile organics, not captured by the SN technique, significantly increased the total PM emissions. Application of the Society of Automotive Engineers Aerospace Recommended Practice 1179d for gas turbine engines is limited to visible plume characterization and thus is inadequate when combustion produces a large fraction of volatile or non-light absorbing PM emissions.",

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Rye, L, Lobo, P, Williams, PI, Uryga-Bugajska, I, Christie, S, Wilson, C, Hagen, D, Whitefield, P, Blakey, S, Coe, H, Raper, D & Pourkashanian, M 2012, 'Inadequacy of optical smoke measurements for characterization of non-light absorbing particulate matter emissions from gas turbine engines', Combustion Science and Technology, vol. 184, no. 12, pp. 2068-2083. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2012.697499

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Inadequacy of optical smoke measurements for characterization of non-light absorbing particulate matter emissions from gas turbine engines

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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