Abstract
This study analyzes the long and short-run impacts of social and economic factors on carbon emissions from five developing ASEAN countries during the period 1986–2017. Utilising a Pooled Mean Group Estimator, we find a nonlinear relationship between CO2 emissions and real GDP, confirming the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Our results indicate that energy consumption is the main driver of environmental degradation in these countries; and that FDI and urbanisation reduce carbon emissions. Our research indicates both a long-run and short-run nexus between government education expenditures and CO2 emissions. We conclude with policy suggestions to reduce CO2 emissions while attaining sustainable growth.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja |
Early online date | 15 Sept 2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 15 Sept 2022 |
Keywords
- carbon emissions
- GDP
- foreign direct investment
- Energy consumption
- urbanisation
- government education expenditure
- environmental kuznet's curve
- ASEAN countries