Efficient inclusion body processing using chemical extraction in high-gradient magnetic fishing

In this study we introduce a radical new approach for the recovery of proteins expressed in the form of inclusion bodies, involving (i) chemical extraction from the host cells, (ii) adsorptive capture of the target protein onto small magnetic adsorbents, and (iii) subsequent rapid collection of the product-loaded supports with the aid of high gradient magnetic fields. The manufacture and testing of two types of micron-sized nonporous superparamagnetic metal chelator particles derivatized with iminodiacetic acid is described. In small-scale adsorption studies conducted with a hexahistidine tagged form of the L1 coat protein of human papillomavirus type 16 dissolved in 8 M urea-phosphate buffer, the best binding performance (Q(max) = 58 mg g(-1) and K(d) approximately 0.08 microM) was exhibited by Cu(2+)-charged type II support materials. Equilibrium adsorption of L1 to these nonporous supports was achieved very rapidly (100 mM imidazole in the equilibration buffer. The influence of feedstock complexity on L1 adsorption to the Cu(2+)-charged type II magnetic chelators was studied using various dilutions of four crude chemical E. coli cell extracts containing denatured L1 protein. Undiminished L1 adsorption to these adsorbents (relative to the 8 M urea-phosphate buffer case) was observed with the least complex of these feed materials, i.e., a partially clarified (12 g dry weight L(-1)) and spermine-treated chemical cell extract (feedstock B). Efficient recovery of L1 from feed B was demonstrated at a 60-fold increased scale using the high gradient magnetic fishing (HGMF) system to collect loaded Cu(2+)-chelator particles following batch adsorption of L1. Over 70% of the initial L1 present was recovered within the HGMF rig in a highly clarified form in two batch elution cycles with an overall purification factor of approximately 10.