Dysregulation of Non-Coding RNAs: Roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma

Nor Hayati Ismail, Ali Mussa, Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat, Shafini Mohamed Yusoff, Azlan Husin, Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal, Muhammad Farid Johan*, Md Asiful Islam*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

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Abstract

The dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), leads to the development and advancement of multiple myeloma (MM). miRNAs, in particular, are paramount in post-transcriptional gene regulation, promoting mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. As a result, miRNAs can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target genes. In MM, miRNA disruption could result in abnormal gene expression responsible for cell growth, apoptosis, and other biological processes pertinent to cancer development. The dysregulated miRNAs inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes, contributing to disease progression. Nonetheless, several miRNAs are downregulated in MM and have been identified as gene regulators implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion. miRNA depletion potentially facilitates the tumor advancement and resistance of therapeutic drugs. Additionally, lncRNAs are key regulators of numerous cellular processes, such as gene expression, chromatin remodeling, protein trafficking, and recently linked MM development. The lncRNAs are uniquely expressed and influence gene expression that supports MM growth, in addition to facilitating cellular proliferation and viability via multiple molecular pathways. miRNA and lncRNA alterations potentially result in anomalous gene expression and interfere with the regular functioning of MM. Thus, this review aims to highlight the dysregulation of these ncRNAs, which engender novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of MM.

Original languageEnglish
Article number68
JournalNon-coding RNA
Volume9
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 Nov 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding: This work was supported by the GIPS-PhD (311/PPSP/4404822) research grant from
Universiti Sains Malaysia awarded to M.F.J. and N.H.I.

Keywords

  • multiple myeloma
  • non-coding RNAs
  • pathogenesis
  • long non-coding RNAs
  • dysregulation
  • microRNAs

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