‘‘Ducking and Diving’ adult educator agency in testing times: insights from England and New Zealand’

This article addresses the possibilities for adult educators to exercise professional agency in contexts which have become dominated by neoliberalism. It draws on research undertaken in England and New Zealand which investigated the impact of global discourses and policies on experienced adult educators whose philosophy of practice was orientated towards personal or social transformation. The narratives of four adult educators illustrate the impact of policies in both counties. They also demonstrate how globalising policies create dilemmas for practice which adult educators accommodate or resist. The paper discusses how different responses were linked to adult educators’ biographies, their philosophical perspectives and theoretical underpinnings, their assessment of the possibilities for manoeuvre in their current context and their view of future (Emirbeyer and Mische 1998). It suggests some of the challenges posed by different forms of resistance and argues for the importance of a philosophical and theoretical understanding in sustaining professional agency.