Constraining the formation history of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary planetary system

Gavin A. L. Coleman; Richard P. Nelson; Amaury Triaud; Matthew Standing

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3216

Constraining the formation history of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary planetary system

Gavin A. L. Coleman^*, Richard P. Nelson, Amaury Triaud, Matthew Standing

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The recent discovery of multiple planets in the circumbinary system TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 raises questions about how such a system formed. The formation of the system was briefly explored in the discovery paper, but only to answer the question do current pebble accretion models have the potential to explain the origin of the system? We use a global model of circumbinary planet formation that utilises N-body simulations, including prescriptions for planet migration, gas and pebble accretion, and interactions with a circumbinary disc, to explore the disc parameters that could have led to the formation of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 system. With the disc lifetime being the main factor in determining how planets form, we limit our parameter space to those that determine the disc lifetime. These are: the strength of turbulence in the disc, the initial disc mass, and the strength of the external radiation field that launches photoevaporative winds. When comparing the simulated systems to TOI-1338/BEBOP-1, we find that only discs with low levels of turbulence are able to produce similar systems. The radiation environment has a large effect on the types of planetary systems that form, whilst the initial disc mass only has limited impact since the majority of planetary growth occurs early in the disc lifetime. With the most TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 like systems all occupying similar regions of parameter space, our study shows that observed circumbinary planetary systems can potentially constrain the properties of planet forming discs.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	414-427
Number of pages	14
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	527
Issue number	1
Early online date	23 Oct 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3216
Publication status	Published - Jan 2024

Bibliographical note

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank the referee for useful comments on the paper, and John Chambers for providing an updated version of MERCURY6 including the integrators for circumbinary systems. GALC was funded by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2018-418. RPN acknowledges support from STFC through grants ST/P000592/1 and ST/T000341/1. MRS acknowledges support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/T000295/1), and the European Space Agency as an ESA Research Fellow. This research utilized Queen Mary’s Apocrita HPC facility, supported by QMUL Research-IT (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438045). This work was performed using the Cambridge Service for Data Driven Discovery (CSD3), part of which is operated by the University of Cambridge Research Computing on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). The DiRAC component of CSD3 was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/P002307/1 and ST/R002452/1 and STFC operations grant ST/R00689X/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. This work was performed using the DiRAC Data Intensive service at Leicester, operated by the University of Leicester IT Services, which forms part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K000373/1 and ST/R002363/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/R001014/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the GridPP Collaboration, in particular from the Queen Mary University of London Tier two centre. This research received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 803193/BEBOP)

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stad3216Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

ColemanG2023ConstrainingFinal published version, 2.15 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

Empirical evidence and theoretical investigations on circumbinary planets.
Triaud, A.
Leverhulme Trust
1/10/19 → 30/09/23
Project: Research

Cite this

@article{73d040b5ca33495f9a7f08f2e15a5c86,

title = "Constraining the formation history of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary planetary system",

abstract = "The recent discovery of multiple planets in the circumbinary system TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 raises questions about how such a system formed. The formation of the system was briefly explored in the discovery paper, but only to answer the question do current pebble accretion models have the potential to explain the origin of the system? We use a global model of circumbinary planet formation that utilises N-body simulations, including prescriptions for planet migration, gas and pebble accretion, and interactions with a circumbinary disc, to explore the disc parameters that could have led to the formation of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 system. With the disc lifetime being the main factor in determining how planets form, we limit our parameter space to those that determine the disc lifetime. These are: the strength of turbulence in the disc, the initial disc mass, and the strength of the external radiation field that launches photoevaporative winds. When comparing the simulated systems to TOI-1338/BEBOP-1, we find that only discs with low levels of turbulence are able to produce similar systems. The radiation environment has a large effect on the types of planetary systems that form, whilst the initial disc mass only has limited impact since the majority of planetary growth occurs early in the disc lifetime. With the most TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 like systems all occupying similar regions of parameter space, our study shows that observed circumbinary planetary systems can potentially constrain the properties of planet forming discs.",

author = "Coleman, {Gavin A. L.} and Nelson, {Richard P.} and Amaury Triaud and Matthew Standing",

note = "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the referee for useful comments on the paper, and John Chambers for providing an updated version of MERCURY6 including the integrators for circumbinary systems. GALC was funded by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2018-418. RPN acknowledges support from STFC through grants ST/P000592/1 and ST/T000341/1. MRS acknowledges support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/T000295/1), and the European Space Agency as an ESA Research Fellow. This research utilized Queen Mary{\textquoteright}s Apocrita HPC facility, supported by QMUL Research-IT (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438045). This work was performed using the Cambridge Service for Data Driven Discovery (CSD3), part of which is operated by the University of Cambridge Research Computing on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). The DiRAC component of CSD3 was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/P002307/1 and ST/R002452/1 and STFC operations grant ST/R00689X/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. This work was performed using the DiRAC Data Intensive service at Leicester, operated by the University of Leicester IT Services, which forms part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K000373/1 and ST/R002363/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/R001014/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the GridPP Collaboration, in particular from the Queen Mary University of London Tier two centre. This research received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 803193/BEBOP)",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad3216",

language = "English",

volume = "527",

pages = "414--427",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "SIPRI/Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Constraining the formation history of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary planetary system

AU - Coleman, Gavin A. L.

AU - Nelson, Richard P.

AU - Triaud, Amaury

AU - Standing, Matthew

N1 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the referee for useful comments on the paper, and John Chambers for providing an updated version of MERCURY6 including the integrators for circumbinary systems. GALC was funded by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2018-418. RPN acknowledges support from STFC through grants ST/P000592/1 and ST/T000341/1. MRS acknowledges support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/T000295/1), and the European Space Agency as an ESA Research Fellow. This research utilized Queen Mary’s Apocrita HPC facility, supported by QMUL Research-IT (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438045). This work was performed using the Cambridge Service for Data Driven Discovery (CSD3), part of which is operated by the University of Cambridge Research Computing on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). The DiRAC component of CSD3 was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/P002307/1 and ST/R002452/1 and STFC operations grant ST/R00689X/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. This work was performed using the DiRAC Data Intensive service at Leicester, operated by the University of Leicester IT Services, which forms part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K000373/1 and ST/R002363/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/R001014/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the GridPP Collaboration, in particular from the Queen Mary University of London Tier two centre. This research received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 803193/BEBOP)

PY - 2024/1

Y1 - 2024/1

N2 - The recent discovery of multiple planets in the circumbinary system TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 raises questions about how such a system formed. The formation of the system was briefly explored in the discovery paper, but only to answer the question do current pebble accretion models have the potential to explain the origin of the system? We use a global model of circumbinary planet formation that utilises N-body simulations, including prescriptions for planet migration, gas and pebble accretion, and interactions with a circumbinary disc, to explore the disc parameters that could have led to the formation of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 system. With the disc lifetime being the main factor in determining how planets form, we limit our parameter space to those that determine the disc lifetime. These are: the strength of turbulence in the disc, the initial disc mass, and the strength of the external radiation field that launches photoevaporative winds. When comparing the simulated systems to TOI-1338/BEBOP-1, we find that only discs with low levels of turbulence are able to produce similar systems. The radiation environment has a large effect on the types of planetary systems that form, whilst the initial disc mass only has limited impact since the majority of planetary growth occurs early in the disc lifetime. With the most TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 like systems all occupying similar regions of parameter space, our study shows that observed circumbinary planetary systems can potentially constrain the properties of planet forming discs.

AB - The recent discovery of multiple planets in the circumbinary system TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 raises questions about how such a system formed. The formation of the system was briefly explored in the discovery paper, but only to answer the question do current pebble accretion models have the potential to explain the origin of the system? We use a global model of circumbinary planet formation that utilises N-body simulations, including prescriptions for planet migration, gas and pebble accretion, and interactions with a circumbinary disc, to explore the disc parameters that could have led to the formation of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 system. With the disc lifetime being the main factor in determining how planets form, we limit our parameter space to those that determine the disc lifetime. These are: the strength of turbulence in the disc, the initial disc mass, and the strength of the external radiation field that launches photoevaporative winds. When comparing the simulated systems to TOI-1338/BEBOP-1, we find that only discs with low levels of turbulence are able to produce similar systems. The radiation environment has a large effect on the types of planetary systems that form, whilst the initial disc mass only has limited impact since the majority of planetary growth occurs early in the disc lifetime. With the most TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 like systems all occupying similar regions of parameter space, our study shows that observed circumbinary planetary systems can potentially constrain the properties of planet forming discs.

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad3216

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad3216

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 527

SP - 414

EP - 427

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

Constraining the formation history of the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary planetary system

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

Empirical evidence and theoretical investigations on circumbinary planets.

Cite this