Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED): a systematic mapping review

Emma L O'Dowd; Samuel W D Merriel; Vinton W T Cheng; Sam Khan; Lynne M Howells; Dipesh P Gopal; Elizabeth A Roundhill; Paul M Brennan; Philip A J Crosbie; Richard D Neal; Karen Brown; Emma J Crosbie; David R Baldwin

doi:10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8

Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED): a systematic mapping review

Emma L O'Dowd^*, Samuel W D Merriel, Vinton W T Cheng, Sam Khan, Lynne M Howells, Dipesh P Gopal, Elizabeth A Roundhill, Paul M Brennan, Philip A J Crosbie, Richard D Neal, Karen Brown, Emma J Crosbie, David R Baldwin

^*Corresponding author for this work

Cancer and Genomic Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5 M by 2040, a 62% increase from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention, and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities.

METHODS: A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type.

RESULTS: One hundred seventeen thousand seven hundred one abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis, and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe, or Asia.

CONCLUSIONS: This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.

Original language	English
Article number	820
Number of pages	11
Journal	BMC Cancer
Volume	23
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8
Publication status	Published - 4 Sept 2023

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Cancer
Screening
Prevention
Early detection of cancer
Trials
Systematic mapping

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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O'Dowd, E. L., Merriel, S. W. D., Cheng, V. W. T., Khan, S., Howells, L. M., Gopal, D. P., Roundhill, E. A., Brennan, P. M., Crosbie, P. A. J., Neal, R. D., Brown, K., Crosbie, E. J., & Baldwin, D. R. (2023). Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED): a systematic mapping review. BMC Cancer, 23(1), Article 820. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8

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abstract = "BACKGROUND: Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5 M by 2040, a 62% increase from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention, and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities.METHODS: A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type.RESULTS: One hundred seventeen thousand seven hundred one abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis, and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe, or Asia.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.",

keywords = "Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Early detection of cancer, Trials, Systematic mapping",

author = "O'Dowd, {Emma L} and Merriel, {Samuel W D} and Cheng, {Vinton W T} and Sam Khan and Howells, {Lynne M} and Gopal, {Dipesh P} and Roundhill, {Elizabeth A} and Brennan, {Paul M} and Crosbie, {Philip A J} and Neal, {Richard D} and Karen Brown and Crosbie, {Emma J} and Baldwin, {David R}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.",

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doi = "10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8",

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T1 - Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED)

T2 - a systematic mapping review

AU - O'Dowd, Emma L

AU - Merriel, Samuel W D

AU - Cheng, Vinton W T

AU - Khan, Sam

AU - Howells, Lynne M

AU - Gopal, Dipesh P

AU - Roundhill, Elizabeth A

AU - Brennan, Paul M

AU - Crosbie, Philip A J

AU - Neal, Richard D

AU - Brown, Karen

AU - Crosbie, Emma J

AU - Baldwin, David R

PY - 2023/9/4

Y1 - 2023/9/4

N2 - BACKGROUND: Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5 M by 2040, a 62% increase from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention, and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities.METHODS: A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type.RESULTS: One hundred seventeen thousand seven hundred one abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis, and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe, or Asia.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.

AB - BACKGROUND: Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5 M by 2040, a 62% increase from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention, and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities.METHODS: A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type.RESULTS: One hundred seventeen thousand seven hundred one abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis, and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe, or Asia.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.

KW - Cancer

KW - Screening

KW - Prevention

KW - Early detection of cancer

KW - Trials

KW - Systematic mapping

U2 - 10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8

DO - 10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8

M3 - Article

C2 - 37667231

SN - 1471-2407

VL - 23

JO - BMC Cancer

JF - BMC Cancer

IS - 1

M1 - 820

ER -

Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED): a systematic mapping review

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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Cite this