Chilblains in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: a review

Shirish Dubey; Nilay Joshi; Olivia  Stevenson; Caroline Gordon; John Reynolds

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac231

Chilblains in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: a review

Shirish Dubey, Nilay Joshi, Olivia Stevenson, Caroline Gordon, John Reynolds

Inflammation and Ageing

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Abstract

Chilblains were first described over a hundred years ago as cutaneous inflammatory lesions, typically on the digits, occurring on cold exposure. Chilblains can be primary, or secondary to number of conditions such as infections, including COVID-19, and immune mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) being the commonest. Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus (CHLE) was first described in 1888 as cold induced erythematous lesions before the terms ‘chilblains’ or ‘perniosis’ were coined. Diagnostic criteria exist for both chilblains and CHLE. Histopathologically, CHLE lesions show interface dermatitis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Immunofluorescence demonstrates linear deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the dermo-epidermal junction. This narrative review focuses on chilblains secondary to immune mediated inflammatory disorders, primarily the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of CHLE.

Original language	English
Article number	keac231
Journal	Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
Early online date	12 Apr 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keac231
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 12 Apr 2022

Keywords

Chilblains
Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus
CHLE
immune mediated inflammatory diseases
IMID

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10.1093/rheumatology/keac231

DubeyS2022Chilbl
This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Rheumatology following peer review. The version of record Shirish Dubey, Nilay Joshi, Olivia Stevenson, Caroline Gordon, John A Reynolds, Chilblains in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: a review, Rheumatology, 2022;, keac231, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keac231.
Accepted author manuscript, 313 KBLicence: None: All rights reserved

Cite this

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title = "Chilblains in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: a review",

abstract = "Chilblains were first described over a hundred years ago as cutaneous inflammatory lesions, typically on the digits, occurring on cold exposure. Chilblains can be primary, or secondary to number of conditions such as infections, including COVID-19, and immune mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) being the commonest. Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus (CHLE) was first described in 1888 as cold induced erythematous lesions before the terms {\textquoteleft}chilblains{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteleft}perniosis{\textquoteright} were coined. Diagnostic criteria exist for both chilblains and CHLE. Histopathologically, CHLE lesions show interface dermatitis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Immunofluorescence demonstrates linear deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the dermo-epidermal junction. This narrative review focuses on chilblains secondary to immune mediated inflammatory disorders, primarily the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of CHLE. ",

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AU - Stevenson, Olivia

AU - Gordon, Caroline

AU - Reynolds, John

PY - 2022/4/12

Y1 - 2022/4/12

N2 - Chilblains were first described over a hundred years ago as cutaneous inflammatory lesions, typically on the digits, occurring on cold exposure. Chilblains can be primary, or secondary to number of conditions such as infections, including COVID-19, and immune mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) being the commonest. Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus (CHLE) was first described in 1888 as cold induced erythematous lesions before the terms ‘chilblains’ or ‘perniosis’ were coined. Diagnostic criteria exist for both chilblains and CHLE. Histopathologically, CHLE lesions show interface dermatitis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Immunofluorescence demonstrates linear deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the dermo-epidermal junction. This narrative review focuses on chilblains secondary to immune mediated inflammatory disorders, primarily the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of CHLE.

AB - Chilblains were first described over a hundred years ago as cutaneous inflammatory lesions, typically on the digits, occurring on cold exposure. Chilblains can be primary, or secondary to number of conditions such as infections, including COVID-19, and immune mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) being the commonest. Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus (CHLE) was first described in 1888 as cold induced erythematous lesions before the terms ‘chilblains’ or ‘perniosis’ were coined. Diagnostic criteria exist for both chilblains and CHLE. Histopathologically, CHLE lesions show interface dermatitis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Immunofluorescence demonstrates linear deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the dermo-epidermal junction. This narrative review focuses on chilblains secondary to immune mediated inflammatory disorders, primarily the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of CHLE.

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Chilblains in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: a review

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Keywords

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