Application of hydrogel for energy storage and conversion

Hydrogels have increasingly become a focus of interest within academic and industrial research spheres, particularly for their potential application in energy storage and conversion systems. This is largely due to their exceptional mechanical properties, inherent multifunctionality, and noteworthy biocompatibility. The goal of this review is to provide an in-depth analysis of the recent advancements made in the field of multifunctional hydrogels as applied to energy storage and conversion. The work reviews key factors that are critical to the functionality of hydrogels in energy storage and conversion processes, including mechanical strength, resistance to swelling, and conductivity. We explore contemporary methodologies for enhancing these essential properties. It provides insights into the existing and prospective uses of hydrogels in the realm of energy storage and conversion, specifically highlighting their role in supercapacitors, batteries, and ion thermoelectric systems. The present work anticipates potential future research trajectories, with an emphasis on the further development and application of hydrogels within energy conversion and storage systems.