An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653

G. Frustagli; E. Poretti; T. Milbourne; L. Malavolta; A. Mortier; V. Singh; A. S. Bonomo; L. A. Buchhave; L. Zeng; A. Vanderburg; S. Udry; G. Andreuzzi; A. Collier-Cameron; R. Cosentino; M. Damasso; A. Ghedina; A. Harutyunyan; R. D. Haywood; D. W. Latham; M. López-Morales; V. Lorenzi; A. F. Martinez Fiorenzano; M. Mayor; G. Micela; E. Molinari; F. Pepe; D. Phillips; K. Rice; A. Sozzetti

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936689

An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653

G. Frustagli, E. Poretti, T. Milbourne, L. Malavolta, A. Mortier, V. Singh, A. S. Bonomo, L. A. Buchhave, L. Zeng, A. Vanderburg, S. Udry, G. Andreuzzi, A. Collier-Cameron, R. Cosentino, M. Damasso, A. Ghedina, A. Harutyunyan, R. D. Haywood, D. W. Latham, M. López-MoralesV. Lorenzi, A. F. Martinez Fiorenzano, M. Mayor, G. Micela, E. Molinari, F. Pepe, D. Phillips, K. Rice, A. Sozzetti

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Ultra-short period (USP) planets are a class of exoplanets with periods shorter than one day. The origin of this sub-population of planets is still unclear, with different formation scenarios highly dependent on the composition of the USP planets. A better understanding of this class of exoplanets will, therefore, require an increase in the sample of such planets that have accurate and precise masses and radii, which also includes estimates of the level of irradiation and information about possible companions. Here we report a detailed characterization of a USP planet around the solar-type star HD 80653 EP 251279430 using the K2 light curve and 108 precise radial velocities obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph, installed on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. From the K2 C16 data, we found one super-Earth planet (Rb = 1.613 ± 0.071 R⊕) transiting the star on a short-period orbit (Pb = 0.719573 ± 0.000021 d). From our radial velocity measurements, we constrained the mass of HD 80653 b to Mb = 5.60 ± 0.43 M⊕. We also detected a clear long-term trend in the radial velocity data. We derived the fundamental stellar parameters and determined a radius of R° = 1.22 ± 0.01 R° and mass of M° = 1.18 ± 0.04 M°, suggesting that HD 80653 has an age of 2.7 ± 1.2 Gyr. The bulk density (ρb = 7.4 ± 1.1 g cm-3) of the planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition of rock and iron with no thick atmosphere. Our analysis of the K2 photometry also suggests hints of a shallow secondary eclipse with a depth of 8.1 ± 3.7 ppm. Flux variations along the orbital phase are consistent with zero. The most important contribution might come from the day-side thermal emission from the surface of the planet at T ∼ 3480 K.

Original language	English
Article number	A133
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	633
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936689
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. The HARPS-N project has been funded by the Prodex Program of the Swiss Space Office (SSO), the Harvard University Origins of Life Initiative (HUOLI), the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), the University of Geneva, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and the Italian National Astrophysical Institute (INAF), the University of St Andrews, Queen’s University Belfast, and the University of Edinburgh. Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated by the Fundación Galileo Galilei (FGG) of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain). G.F. acknowlwdges support from the INAF/FRONTIERA project through the “Progetti Premiali” funding scheme of the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research. A.M. acknowledges support from the senior Kavli Institute Fellowships. A.C.C. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant number ST/R000824/1 and UKSA grant ST/R003203/1. F.P. kindly acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation for its continuous support to the HARPS-N GTO programme through the grants Nr. 184618, 166227 and 200020_152721. R.D.H. and A.V performed this work under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and NASA’s Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. NNX17AB59G issued through the Exoplanets Research Program. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/ gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This paper includes data collected by the K2 mission. Funding for the K2 mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX13AC07G and by other grants and contracts.

Publisher Copyright:
© ESO 2020.

Keywords

Planets and satellites: composition
Planets and satellites: detection
Stars: individual: HD 80653
Techniques: photometric
Techniques: radial velocities

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.1051/0004-6361/201936689

Cite this

Frustagli, G., Poretti, E., Milbourne, T., Malavolta, L., Mortier, A., Singh, V., Bonomo, A. S., Buchhave, L. A., Zeng, L., Vanderburg, A., Udry, S., Andreuzzi, G., Collier-Cameron, A., Cosentino, R., Damasso, M., Ghedina, A., Harutyunyan, A., Haywood, R. D., Latham, D. W., ... Sozzetti, A. (2020). An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 633, Article A133. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936689

@article{1a9da5450ec44b40bb890faf5367115f,

title = "An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653",

abstract = "Ultra-short period (USP) planets are a class of exoplanets with periods shorter than one day. The origin of this sub-population of planets is still unclear, with different formation scenarios highly dependent on the composition of the USP planets. A better understanding of this class of exoplanets will, therefore, require an increase in the sample of such planets that have accurate and precise masses and radii, which also includes estimates of the level of irradiation and information about possible companions. Here we report a detailed characterization of a USP planet around the solar-type star HD 80653 EP 251279430 using the K2 light curve and 108 precise radial velocities obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph, installed on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. From the K2 C16 data, we found one super-Earth planet (Rb = 1.613 ± 0.071 R⊕) transiting the star on a short-period orbit (Pb = 0.719573 ± 0.000021 d). From our radial velocity measurements, we constrained the mass of HD 80653 b to Mb = 5.60 ± 0.43 M⊕. We also detected a clear long-term trend in the radial velocity data. We derived the fundamental stellar parameters and determined a radius of R° = 1.22 ± 0.01 R° and mass of M° = 1.18 ± 0.04 M°, suggesting that HD 80653 has an age of 2.7 ± 1.2 Gyr. The bulk density (ρb = 7.4 ± 1.1 g cm-3) of the planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition of rock and iron with no thick atmosphere. Our analysis of the K2 photometry also suggests hints of a shallow secondary eclipse with a depth of 8.1 ± 3.7 ppm. Flux variations along the orbital phase are consistent with zero. The most important contribution might come from the day-side thermal emission from the surface of the planet at T ∼ 3480 K.",

keywords = "Planets and satellites: composition, Planets and satellites: detection, Stars: individual: HD 80653, Techniques: photometric, Techniques: radial velocities",

author = "G. Frustagli and E. Poretti and T. Milbourne and L. Malavolta and A. Mortier and V. Singh and Bonomo, {A. S.} and Buchhave, {L. A.} and L. Zeng and A. Vanderburg and S. Udry and G. Andreuzzi and A. Collier-Cameron and R. Cosentino and M. Damasso and A. Ghedina and A. Harutyunyan and Haywood, {R. D.} and Latham, {D. W.} and M. L{\'o}pez-Morales and V. Lorenzi and {Martinez Fiorenzano}, {A. F.} and M. Mayor and G. Micela and E. Molinari and F. Pepe and D. Phillips and K. Rice and A. Sozzetti",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements. The HARPS-N project has been funded by the Prodex Program of the Swiss Space Office (SSO), the Harvard University Origins of Life Initiative (HUOLI), the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), the University of Geneva, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and the Italian National Astrophysical Institute (INAF), the University of St Andrews, Queen{\textquoteright}s University Belfast, and the University of Edinburgh. Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated by the Fundaci{\'o}n Galileo Galilei (FGG) of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain). G.F. acknowlwdges support from the INAF/FRONTIERA project through the “Progetti Premiali” funding scheme of the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research. A.M. acknowledges support from the senior Kavli Institute Fellowships. A.C.C. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant number ST/R000824/1 and UKSA grant ST/R003203/1. F.P. kindly acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation for its continuous support to the HARPS-N GTO programme through the grants Nr. 184618, 166227 and 200020_152721. R.D.H. and A.V performed this work under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and NASA{\textquoteright}s Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. NNX17AB59G issued through the Exoplanets Research Program. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/ gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This paper includes data collected by the K2 mission. Funding for the K2 mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX13AC07G and by other grants and contracts. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} ESO 2020.",

year = "2020",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201936689",

language = "English",

volume = "633",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Frustagli, G, Poretti, E, Milbourne, T, Malavolta, L, Mortier, A, Singh, V, Bonomo, AS, Buchhave, LA, Zeng, L, Vanderburg, A, Udry, S, Andreuzzi, G, Collier-Cameron, A, Cosentino, R, Damasso, M, Ghedina, A, Harutyunyan, A, Haywood, RD, Latham, DW, López-Morales, M, Lorenzi, V, Martinez Fiorenzano, AF, Mayor, M, Micela, G, Molinari, E, Pepe, F, Phillips, D, Rice, K & Sozzetti, A 2020, 'An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 633, A133. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936689

TY - JOUR

T1 - An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653

AU - Frustagli, G.

AU - Poretti, E.

AU - Milbourne, T.

AU - Malavolta, L.

AU - Mortier, A.

AU - Singh, V.

AU - Bonomo, A. S.

AU - Buchhave, L. A.

AU - Zeng, L.

AU - Vanderburg, A.

AU - Udry, S.

AU - Andreuzzi, G.

AU - Collier-Cameron, A.

AU - Cosentino, R.

AU - Damasso, M.

AU - Ghedina, A.

AU - Harutyunyan, A.

AU - Haywood, R. D.

AU - Latham, D. W.

AU - López-Morales, M.

AU - Lorenzi, V.

AU - Martinez Fiorenzano, A. F.

AU - Mayor, M.

AU - Micela, G.

AU - Molinari, E.

AU - Pepe, F.

AU - Phillips, D.

AU - Rice, K.

AU - Sozzetti, A.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements. The HARPS-N project has been funded by the Prodex Program of the Swiss Space Office (SSO), the Harvard University Origins of Life Initiative (HUOLI), the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), the University of Geneva, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and the Italian National Astrophysical Institute (INAF), the University of St Andrews, Queen’s University Belfast, and the University of Edinburgh. Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated by the Fundación Galileo Galilei (FGG) of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain). G.F. acknowlwdges support from the INAF/FRONTIERA project through the “Progetti Premiali” funding scheme of the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research. A.M. acknowledges support from the senior Kavli Institute Fellowships. A.C.C. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant number ST/R000824/1 and UKSA grant ST/R003203/1. F.P. kindly acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation for its continuous support to the HARPS-N GTO programme through the grants Nr. 184618, 166227 and 200020_152721. R.D.H. and A.V performed this work under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and NASA’s Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. NNX17AB59G issued through the Exoplanets Research Program. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/ gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This paper includes data collected by the K2 mission. Funding for the K2 mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX13AC07G and by other grants and contracts. Publisher Copyright: © ESO 2020.

PY - 2020/1/1

Y1 - 2020/1/1

N2 - Ultra-short period (USP) planets are a class of exoplanets with periods shorter than one day. The origin of this sub-population of planets is still unclear, with different formation scenarios highly dependent on the composition of the USP planets. A better understanding of this class of exoplanets will, therefore, require an increase in the sample of such planets that have accurate and precise masses and radii, which also includes estimates of the level of irradiation and information about possible companions. Here we report a detailed characterization of a USP planet around the solar-type star HD 80653 EP 251279430 using the K2 light curve and 108 precise radial velocities obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph, installed on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. From the K2 C16 data, we found one super-Earth planet (Rb = 1.613 ± 0.071 R⊕) transiting the star on a short-period orbit (Pb = 0.719573 ± 0.000021 d). From our radial velocity measurements, we constrained the mass of HD 80653 b to Mb = 5.60 ± 0.43 M⊕. We also detected a clear long-term trend in the radial velocity data. We derived the fundamental stellar parameters and determined a radius of R° = 1.22 ± 0.01 R° and mass of M° = 1.18 ± 0.04 M°, suggesting that HD 80653 has an age of 2.7 ± 1.2 Gyr. The bulk density (ρb = 7.4 ± 1.1 g cm-3) of the planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition of rock and iron with no thick atmosphere. Our analysis of the K2 photometry also suggests hints of a shallow secondary eclipse with a depth of 8.1 ± 3.7 ppm. Flux variations along the orbital phase are consistent with zero. The most important contribution might come from the day-side thermal emission from the surface of the planet at T ∼ 3480 K.

AB - Ultra-short period (USP) planets are a class of exoplanets with periods shorter than one day. The origin of this sub-population of planets is still unclear, with different formation scenarios highly dependent on the composition of the USP planets. A better understanding of this class of exoplanets will, therefore, require an increase in the sample of such planets that have accurate and precise masses and radii, which also includes estimates of the level of irradiation and information about possible companions. Here we report a detailed characterization of a USP planet around the solar-type star HD 80653 EP 251279430 using the K2 light curve and 108 precise radial velocities obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph, installed on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. From the K2 C16 data, we found one super-Earth planet (Rb = 1.613 ± 0.071 R⊕) transiting the star on a short-period orbit (Pb = 0.719573 ± 0.000021 d). From our radial velocity measurements, we constrained the mass of HD 80653 b to Mb = 5.60 ± 0.43 M⊕. We also detected a clear long-term trend in the radial velocity data. We derived the fundamental stellar parameters and determined a radius of R° = 1.22 ± 0.01 R° and mass of M° = 1.18 ± 0.04 M°, suggesting that HD 80653 has an age of 2.7 ± 1.2 Gyr. The bulk density (ρb = 7.4 ± 1.1 g cm-3) of the planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition of rock and iron with no thick atmosphere. Our analysis of the K2 photometry also suggests hints of a shallow secondary eclipse with a depth of 8.1 ± 3.7 ppm. Flux variations along the orbital phase are consistent with zero. The most important contribution might come from the day-side thermal emission from the surface of the planet at T ∼ 3480 K.

KW - Planets and satellites: composition

KW - Planets and satellites: detection

KW - Stars: individual: HD 80653

KW - Techniques: photometric

KW - Techniques: radial velocities

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U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201936689

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201936689

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85089093905

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 633

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A133

ER -

An ultra-short period rocky super-Earth orbiting the G2-star HD 80653

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Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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