A United Kingdom Register study of in-hospital outcomes of patients receiving extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R)

Introduction
Extracorporeal membrane carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) may have a role in treatment of patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure and refractory hypoxaemia and/or hypercapnia.
Methods
We report on the use, outcomes and complications in United Kingdom intensive care units reporting patients on the Extracorporal Life Support Organisation (ELSO) register.
Results
Of 60 patients, 42 (70%) had primarily hypoxic respiratory failure and 18 (30%) primarily hypercapnic respiratory failure. Use of veno-venous procedures increased compared to arterio-venous procedures. Following ECCO2R, ventilatory and blood gas parameters improved at 24 hours. 27 (45%) of patients died before ICU discharge, while 27 (45%) of patients were discharged alive. The most common complications related to thrombosis or haemorrhage.
Discussion
There is limited use of ECCO2R in UK clinical practice and outcomes reflect variability in indications and the technology used. Usage is likely to increase with the availability of new, simpler, technology. Further high quality evidence is needed.