A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096

F. J. Pozuelos; M. Timmermans; B. V. Rackham; L. J. Garcia; A. J. Burgasser; S. R. Kane; M. N. Günther; K. G. Stassun; V. Van Grootel; M. Dévora-Pajares; R. Luque; B. Edwards; P. Niraula; N. Schanche; R. D. Wells; E. Ducrot; S. Howell; D. Sebastian; K. Barkaoui; W. Waalkes; C. Cadieux; R. Doyon; R. P. Boyle; J. Dietrich; A. Burdanov; L. Delrez; B. -O. Demory; J. de Wit; G. Dransfield; M. Gillon; Y. Gómez Maqueo Chew; M. J. Hooton; E. Jehin; C. A. Murray; P. P. Pedersen; D. Queloz; S. J. Thompson; A. H. M. J. Triaud; S. Zúñiga-Fernández; K. A. Collins; M. M. Fausnaugh; C. Hedges; K. M. Hesse; J. M. Jenkins; M. Kunimoto; D. W. Latham; A. Shporer; E. B. Ting; G. Torres; P. Amado; J. R. Rodón; C. Rodríguez-López; J. C. Suárez; R. Alonso; Z. Benkhaldoun; Z. K. Berta-Thompson; P. Chinchilla; M. Ghachoui; M. A. Gómez-Muñoz; R. Rebolo; L. Sabin; U. Schroffenegger; E. Furlan; C. Gnilka; K. Lester; N. Scott; C. Aganze; R. Gerasimov; C. Hsu; C. Theissen; D. Apai; W. P. Chen; P. Gabor; T. Henning; L. Mancini

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245440

A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096

F. J. Pozuelos, M. Timmermans, B. V. Rackham, L. J. Garcia, A. J. Burgasser, S. R. Kane, M. N. Günther, K. G. Stassun, V. Van Grootel, M. Dévora-Pajares, R. Luque, B. Edwards, P. Niraula, N. Schanche, R. D. Wells, E. Ducrot, S. Howell, D. Sebastian, K. Barkaoui, W. WaalkesC. Cadieux, R. Doyon, R. P. Boyle, J. Dietrich, A. Burdanov, L. Delrez, B. -O. Demory, J. de Wit, G. Dransfield, M. Gillon, Y. Gómez Maqueo Chew, M. J. Hooton, E. Jehin, C. A. Murray, P. P. Pedersen, D. Queloz, S. J. Thompson, A. H. M. J. Triaud, S. Zúñiga-Fernández, K. A. Collins, M. M. Fausnaugh, C. Hedges, K. M. Hesse, J. M. Jenkins, M. Kunimoto, D. W. Latham, A. Shporer, E. B. Ting, G. Torres, P. Amado, J. R. Rodón, C. Rodríguez-López, J. C. Suárez, R. Alonso, Z. Benkhaldoun, Z. K. Berta-Thompson, P. Chinchilla, M. Ghachoui, M. A. Gómez-Muñoz, R. Rebolo, L. Sabin, U. Schroffenegger, E. Furlan, C. Gnilka, K. Lester, N. Scott, C. Aganze, R. Gerasimov, C. Hsu, C. Theissen, D. Apai, W. P. Chen, P. Gabor, T. Henning, L. Mancini

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

Context. Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context, multitransiting systems orbiting low-mass stars whose planets are close to the radius valley are benchmark systems, which help to elucidate which formation model dominates.

Aims. We report the discovery, validation, and initial characterization of one such system, TOI-2096 (TIC 142748283), a two-planet system composed of a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune hosted by a mid-type M dwarf located 48 pc away.

Methods. We characterized the host star by combining optical spectra, analyzing its broadband spectral energy distribution, and using evolutionary models for low-mass stars. Then, we derived the planetary properties by modeling the photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities. In addition, we used archival data, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation to support our planetary interpretation.

Results. We found that the stellar properties of TOI-2096 correspond to a dwarf star of spectral type M4±0.5. It harbors a super-Earth (R = 1.24 ± 0.07 R_⊕) and a mini-Neptune (R = 1.90 ± 0.09 R_⊕) in likely slightly eccentric orbits with orbital periods of 3.12 d and 6.39 d, respectively. These orbital periods are close to the first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR), a configuration that may lead to measurable transit timing variations (TTVs). We computed the expected TTVs amplitude for each planet and found that they might be measurable with high-precision photometry delivering mid-transit times with accuracies of ≲2 min. Moreover, we conclude that measuring the planetary masses via radial velocities (RVs) could also be possible. Lastly, we found that these planets are among the best in their class to conduct atmospheric studies using the NIRSpec/Prism onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Conclusions. The properties of this system make it a suitable candidate for further studies, particularly for mass determination using RVs and/or TTVs, decreasing the scarcity of systems that can be used to test planetary formation models around low-mass stars.

Original language	English
Article number	A70
Number of pages	25
Journal	A&A
Volume	672
Early online date	31 Mar 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245440
Publication status	Published - Apr 2023

Keywords

techniques: photometric
stars: low-mass
planets and satellites: individual: TOI-2096

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Pozuelos, F. J., Timmermans, M., Rackham, B. V., Garcia, L. J., Burgasser, A. J., Kane, S. R., Günther, M. N., Stassun, K. G., Grootel, V. V., Dévora-Pajares, M., Luque, R., Edwards, B., Niraula, P., Schanche, N., Wells, R. D., Ducrot, E., Howell, S., Sebastian, D., Barkaoui, K., ... Mancini, L. (2023). A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096. A&A, 672, Article A70. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245440

@article{79bc91862b1442b483f792a2823d0d95,

title = "A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096",

abstract = "Context. Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context, multitransiting systems orbiting low-mass stars whose planets are close to the radius valley are benchmark systems, which help to elucidate which formation model dominates.Aims. We report the discovery, validation, and initial characterization of one such system, TOI-2096 (TIC 142748283), a two-planet system composed of a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune hosted by a mid-type M dwarf located 48 pc away.Methods. We characterized the host star by combining optical spectra, analyzing its broadband spectral energy distribution, and using evolutionary models for low-mass stars. Then, we derived the planetary properties by modeling the photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities. In addition, we used archival data, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation to support our planetary interpretation.Results. We found that the stellar properties of TOI-2096 correspond to a dwarf star of spectral type M4±0.5. It harbors a super-Earth (R = 1.24 ± 0.07 R⊕) and a mini-Neptune (R = 1.90 ± 0.09 R⊕) in likely slightly eccentric orbits with orbital periods of 3.12 d and 6.39 d, respectively. These orbital periods are close to the first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR), a configuration that may lead to measurable transit timing variations (TTVs). We computed the expected TTVs amplitude for each planet and found that they might be measurable with high-precision photometry delivering mid-transit times with accuracies of ≲2 min. Moreover, we conclude that measuring the planetary masses via radial velocities (RVs) could also be possible. Lastly, we found that these planets are among the best in their class to conduct atmospheric studies using the NIRSpec/Prism onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).Conclusions. The properties of this system make it a suitable candidate for further studies, particularly for mass determination using RVs and/or TTVs, decreasing the scarcity of systems that can be used to test planetary formation models around low-mass stars.",

keywords = "techniques: photometric, stars: low-mass, planets and satellites: individual: TOI-2096",

author = "Pozuelos, {F. J.} and M. Timmermans and Rackham, {B. V.} and Garcia, {L. J.} and Burgasser, {A. J.} and Kane, {S. R.} and G{\"u}nther, {M. N.} and Stassun, {K. G.} and Grootel, {V. Van} and M. D{\'e}vora-Pajares and R. Luque and B. Edwards and P. Niraula and N. Schanche and Wells, {R. D.} and E. Ducrot and S. Howell and D. Sebastian and K. Barkaoui and W. Waalkes and C. Cadieux and R. Doyon and Boyle, {R. P.} and J. Dietrich and A. Burdanov and L. Delrez and Demory, {B. -O.} and Wit, {J. de} and G. Dransfield and M. Gillon and Chew, {Y. G{\'o}mez Maqueo} and Hooton, {M. J.} and E. Jehin and Murray, {C. A.} and Pedersen, {P. P.} and D. Queloz and Thompson, {S. J.} and Triaud, {A. H. M. J.} and S. Z{\'u}{\~n}iga-Fern{\'a}ndez and Collins, {K. A.} and Fausnaugh, {M. M.} and C. Hedges and Hesse, {K. M.} and Jenkins, {J. M.} and M. Kunimoto and Latham, {D. W.} and A. Shporer and Ting, {E. B.} and G. Torres and P. Amado and Rod{\'o}n, {J. R.} and C. Rodr{\'i}guez-L{\'o}pez and Su{\'a}rez, {J. C.} and R. Alonso and Z. Benkhaldoun and Berta-Thompson, {Z. K.} and P. Chinchilla and M. Ghachoui and G{\'o}mez-Mu{\~n}oz, {M. A.} and R. Rebolo and L. Sabin and U. Schroffenegger and E. Furlan and C. Gnilka and K. Lester and N. Scott and C. Aganze and R. Gerasimov and C. Hsu and C. Theissen and D. Apai and Chen, {W. P.} and P. Gabor and T. Henning and L. Mancini",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202245440",

language = "English",

volume = "672",

journal = "A&A",

}

Pozuelos, FJ, Timmermans, M, Rackham, BV, Garcia, LJ, Burgasser, AJ, Kane, SR, Günther, MN, Stassun, KG, Grootel, VV, Dévora-Pajares, M, Luque, R, Edwards, B, Niraula, P, Schanche, N, Wells, RD, Ducrot, E, Howell, S, Sebastian, D, Barkaoui, K, Waalkes, W, Cadieux, C, Doyon, R, Boyle, RP, Dietrich, J, Burdanov, A, Delrez, L, Demory, B-O, Wit, JD, Dransfield, G, Gillon, M, Chew, YGM, Hooton, MJ, Jehin, E, Murray, CA, Pedersen, PP, Queloz, D, Thompson, SJ, Triaud, AHMJ, Zúñiga-Fernández, S, Collins, KA, Fausnaugh, MM, Hedges, C, Hesse, KM, Jenkins, JM, Kunimoto, M, Latham, DW, Shporer, A, Ting, EB, Torres, G, Amado, P, Rodón, JR, Rodríguez-López, C, Suárez, JC, Alonso, R, Benkhaldoun, Z, Berta-Thompson, ZK, Chinchilla, P, Ghachoui, M, Gómez-Muñoz, MA, Rebolo, R, Sabin, L, Schroffenegger, U, Furlan, E, Gnilka, C, Lester, K, Scott, N, Aganze, C, Gerasimov, R, Hsu, C, Theissen, C, Apai, D, Chen, WP, Gabor, P, Henning, T & Mancini, L 2023, 'A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096', A&A, vol. 672, A70. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245440

TY - JOUR

T1 - A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096

AU - Pozuelos, F. J.

AU - Timmermans, M.

AU - Rackham, B. V.

AU - Garcia, L. J.

AU - Burgasser, A. J.

AU - Kane, S. R.

AU - Günther, M. N.

AU - Stassun, K. G.

AU - Grootel, V. Van

AU - Dévora-Pajares, M.

AU - Luque, R.

AU - Edwards, B.

AU - Niraula, P.

AU - Schanche, N.

AU - Wells, R. D.

AU - Ducrot, E.

AU - Howell, S.

AU - Sebastian, D.

AU - Barkaoui, K.

AU - Waalkes, W.

AU - Cadieux, C.

AU - Doyon, R.

AU - Boyle, R. P.

AU - Dietrich, J.

AU - Burdanov, A.

AU - Delrez, L.

AU - Demory, B. -O.

AU - Wit, J. de

AU - Dransfield, G.

AU - Gillon, M.

AU - Chew, Y. Gómez Maqueo

AU - Hooton, M. J.

AU - Jehin, E.

AU - Murray, C. A.

AU - Pedersen, P. P.

AU - Queloz, D.

AU - Thompson, S. J.

AU - Triaud, A. H. M. J.

AU - Zúñiga-Fernández, S.

AU - Collins, K. A.

AU - Fausnaugh, M. M.

AU - Hedges, C.

AU - Hesse, K. M.

AU - Jenkins, J. M.

AU - Kunimoto, M.

AU - Latham, D. W.

AU - Shporer, A.

AU - Ting, E. B.

AU - Torres, G.

AU - Amado, P.

AU - Rodón, J. R.

AU - Rodríguez-López, C.

AU - Suárez, J. C.

AU - Alonso, R.

AU - Benkhaldoun, Z.

AU - Berta-Thompson, Z. K.

AU - Chinchilla, P.

AU - Ghachoui, M.

AU - Gómez-Muñoz, M. A.

AU - Rebolo, R.

AU - Sabin, L.

AU - Schroffenegger, U.

AU - Furlan, E.

AU - Gnilka, C.

AU - Lester, K.

AU - Scott, N.

AU - Aganze, C.

AU - Gerasimov, R.

AU - Hsu, C.

AU - Theissen, C.

AU - Apai, D.

AU - Chen, W. P.

AU - Gabor, P.

AU - Henning, T.

AU - Mancini, L.

PY - 2023/4

Y1 - 2023/4

N2 - Context. Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context, multitransiting systems orbiting low-mass stars whose planets are close to the radius valley are benchmark systems, which help to elucidate which formation model dominates.Aims. We report the discovery, validation, and initial characterization of one such system, TOI-2096 (TIC 142748283), a two-planet system composed of a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune hosted by a mid-type M dwarf located 48 pc away.Methods. We characterized the host star by combining optical spectra, analyzing its broadband spectral energy distribution, and using evolutionary models for low-mass stars. Then, we derived the planetary properties by modeling the photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities. In addition, we used archival data, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation to support our planetary interpretation.Results. We found that the stellar properties of TOI-2096 correspond to a dwarf star of spectral type M4±0.5. It harbors a super-Earth (R = 1.24 ± 0.07 R⊕) and a mini-Neptune (R = 1.90 ± 0.09 R⊕) in likely slightly eccentric orbits with orbital periods of 3.12 d and 6.39 d, respectively. These orbital periods are close to the first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR), a configuration that may lead to measurable transit timing variations (TTVs). We computed the expected TTVs amplitude for each planet and found that they might be measurable with high-precision photometry delivering mid-transit times with accuracies of ≲2 min. Moreover, we conclude that measuring the planetary masses via radial velocities (RVs) could also be possible. Lastly, we found that these planets are among the best in their class to conduct atmospheric studies using the NIRSpec/Prism onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).Conclusions. The properties of this system make it a suitable candidate for further studies, particularly for mass determination using RVs and/or TTVs, decreasing the scarcity of systems that can be used to test planetary formation models around low-mass stars.

AB - Context. Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context, multitransiting systems orbiting low-mass stars whose planets are close to the radius valley are benchmark systems, which help to elucidate which formation model dominates.Aims. We report the discovery, validation, and initial characterization of one such system, TOI-2096 (TIC 142748283), a two-planet system composed of a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune hosted by a mid-type M dwarf located 48 pc away.Methods. We characterized the host star by combining optical spectra, analyzing its broadband spectral energy distribution, and using evolutionary models for low-mass stars. Then, we derived the planetary properties by modeling the photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities. In addition, we used archival data, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation to support our planetary interpretation.Results. We found that the stellar properties of TOI-2096 correspond to a dwarf star of spectral type M4±0.5. It harbors a super-Earth (R = 1.24 ± 0.07 R⊕) and a mini-Neptune (R = 1.90 ± 0.09 R⊕) in likely slightly eccentric orbits with orbital periods of 3.12 d and 6.39 d, respectively. These orbital periods are close to the first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR), a configuration that may lead to measurable transit timing variations (TTVs). We computed the expected TTVs amplitude for each planet and found that they might be measurable with high-precision photometry delivering mid-transit times with accuracies of ≲2 min. Moreover, we conclude that measuring the planetary masses via radial velocities (RVs) could also be possible. Lastly, we found that these planets are among the best in their class to conduct atmospheric studies using the NIRSpec/Prism onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).Conclusions. The properties of this system make it a suitable candidate for further studies, particularly for mass determination using RVs and/or TTVs, decreasing the scarcity of systems that can be used to test planetary formation models around low-mass stars.

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - stars: low-mass

KW - planets and satellites: individual: TOI-2096

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202245440

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202245440

M3 - Article

VL - 672

JO - A&A

JF - A&A

M1 - A70

ER -

A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096

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