TY - JOUR
T1 - A holistic view of mouse enhancer architectures reveals analogous pleiotropic effects and correlation with human disease.
AU - Sethi, Siddharth
AU - Vorontsov, Ilya
AU - Greenaway, Simon
AU - Williams, John
AU - Makeev, Vsevolod
AU - Brown, Steve
AU - Simon, Michelle
AU - Mallon, Ann-Marie
PY - 2020/11/2
Y1 - 2020/11/2
N2 - BACKGROUND:Efforts to elucidate the function of enhancers in vivo are underway but their vast numbers alongside differing enhancer architectures make it difficult to determine their impact on gene activity. By systematically annotating multiple mouse tissues with super- and typical-enhancers, we have explored their relationship with gene function and phenotype. RESULTS:Though super-enhancers drive high total- and tissue-specific expression of their associated genes, we find that typical-enhancers also contribute heavily to the tissue-specific expression landscape on account of their large numbers in the genome. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that both enhancer types are preferentially associated with relevant 'tissue-type' phenotypes and exhibit no difference in phenotype effect size or pleiotropy. Modelling regulatory data alongside molecular data, we built a predictive model to infer gene-phenotype associations and use this model to predict potentially novel disease-associated genes. CONCLUSION:Overall our findings reveal that differing enhancer architectures have a similar impact on mammalian phenotypes whilst harbouring differing cellular and expression effects. Together, our results systematically characterise enhancers with predicted phenotypic traits endorsing the role for both types of enhancers in human disease and disorders.
AB - BACKGROUND:Efforts to elucidate the function of enhancers in vivo are underway but their vast numbers alongside differing enhancer architectures make it difficult to determine their impact on gene activity. By systematically annotating multiple mouse tissues with super- and typical-enhancers, we have explored their relationship with gene function and phenotype. RESULTS:Though super-enhancers drive high total- and tissue-specific expression of their associated genes, we find that typical-enhancers also contribute heavily to the tissue-specific expression landscape on account of their large numbers in the genome. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that both enhancer types are preferentially associated with relevant 'tissue-type' phenotypes and exhibit no difference in phenotype effect size or pleiotropy. Modelling regulatory data alongside molecular data, we built a predictive model to infer gene-phenotype associations and use this model to predict potentially novel disease-associated genes. CONCLUSION:Overall our findings reveal that differing enhancer architectures have a similar impact on mammalian phenotypes whilst harbouring differing cellular and expression effects. Together, our results systematically characterise enhancers with predicted phenotypic traits endorsing the role for both types of enhancers in human disease and disorders.
UR - https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7607678
U2 - 10.1186/s12864-020-07109-5
DO - 10.1186/s12864-020-07109-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 33138777
SN - 1471-2164
JO - BMC Genomics
JF - BMC Genomics
ER -