Warm Jupiters in TESS full-frame images: a catalog and observed eccentricity distribution for year 1

Jiayin Dong; Chelsea X. Huang; Rebekah I. Dawson; Daniel Foreman-Mackey; Karen A. Collins; Samuel N. Quinn; Jack J. Lissauer; Thomas G. Beatty; Billy Quarles; Lizhou Sha; Avi Shporer; Zhao Guo; Stephen R. Kane; Lyu Abe; Khalid Barkaoui; Zouhair Benkhaldoun; Rafael A. Brahm; Francois Bouchy; Theron W. Carmichael; Kevin I. Collins; Dennis M. Conti; Nicolas Crouzet; Georgina Dransfield; Phil Evans; Tianjun Gan; Mourad Ghachoui; Michael Gillon; Nolan Grieves; Tristan Guillot; Coel Hellier; Emmanuel Jehin; Eric L. Jensen; Andres Jordan; Jacob Kamler; John Kielkopf; Djamel Mekarnia; Louise D. Nielsen; Francisco J. Pozuelos; Don J. Radford; Francois-Xavier Schmider; Richard P. Schwarz; Chris Stockdale; Thiam-Guan Tan; Mathilde Timmermans; Amaury H. Triaud; Gavin Wang; George R. Ricker; Roland Vanderspek; David W. Latham; Sara Seager; Joshua N. Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; Ismael Mireles; Daniel Yahalomi; Edward H. Morgan; Michael Vezie; Elisa V. Quintana; Mark E. Rose; Jeffrey C. Smith; Bernie Shiao

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abf73c

Warm Jupiters in TESS full-frame images: a catalog and observed eccentricity distribution for year 1

Jiayin Dong, Chelsea X. Huang, Rebekah I. Dawson, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Karen A. Collins, Samuel N. Quinn, Jack J. Lissauer, Thomas G. Beatty, Billy Quarles, Lizhou Sha, Avi Shporer, Zhao Guo, Stephen R. Kane, Lyu Abe, Khalid Barkaoui, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Rafael A. Brahm, Francois Bouchy, Theron W. Carmichael, Kevin I. CollinsDennis M. Conti, Nicolas Crouzet, Georgina Dransfield, Phil Evans, Tianjun Gan, Mourad Ghachoui, Michael Gillon, Nolan Grieves, Tristan Guillot, Coel Hellier, Emmanuel Jehin, Eric L. Jensen, Andres Jordan, Jacob Kamler, John Kielkopf, Djamel Mekarnia, Louise D. Nielsen, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Don J. Radford, Francois-Xavier Schmider, Richard P. Schwarz, Chris Stockdale, Thiam-Guan Tan, Mathilde Timmermans, Amaury H. Triaud, Gavin Wang, George R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Ismael Mireles, Daniel Yahalomi, Edward H. Morgan, Michael Vezie, Elisa V. Quintana, Mark E. Rose, Jeffrey C. Smith, Bernie Shiao

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

Warm Jupiters - defined here as planets larger than 6 Earth radii with orbital periods of 8-200 days - are a key missing piece in our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. It is currently debated whether Warm Jupiters form in situ, undergo disk or high eccentricity tidal migration, or have a mixture of origin channels. These different classes of origin channels lead to different expectations for Warm Jupiters' properties, which are currently difficult to evaluate due to the small sample size. We take advantage of the TESS survey and systematically search for Warm Jupiter candidates around main-sequence host stars brighter than the TESS-band magnitude of 12 in the Full-Frame Images in Year 1 of the TESS Prime Mission data. We introduce a catalog of 55 Warm Jupiter candidates, including 19 candidates that were not originally released as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) by the TESS team. We fit their TESS light curves, characterize their eccentricities and transit-timing variations (TTVs), and prioritize a list for ground-based follow-up and TESS Extended Mission observations. Using hierarchical Bayesian modeling, we find the preliminary eccentricity distributions of our Warm-Jupiter-candidate catalog using a Beta distribution, a Rayleigh distribution, and a two-component Gaussian distribution as the functional forms of the eccentricity distribution. Additional follow-up observations will be required to clean the sample of false positives for a full statistical study, derive the orbital solutions to break the eccentricity degeneracy, and provide mass measurements.

Original language	English
Article number	6
Number of pages	25
Journal	Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series
Volume	255
Issue number	1
Early online date	28 Jun 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abf73c
Publication status	Published - Jul 2021

Keywords

astro-ph.EP

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DongJ2021WarmAccepted author manuscript, 7.17 MBLicence: None: All rights reserved

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Dong, J., Huang, C. X., Dawson, R. I., Foreman-Mackey, D., Collins, K. A., Quinn, S. N., Lissauer, J. J., Beatty, T. G., Quarles, B., Sha, L., Shporer, A., Guo, Z., Kane, S. R., Abe, L., Barkaoui, K., Benkhaldoun, Z., Brahm, R. A., Bouchy, F., Carmichael, T. W., ... Shiao, B. (2021). Warm Jupiters in TESS full-frame images: a catalog and observed eccentricity distribution for year 1. Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series, 255(1), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abf73c

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title = "Warm Jupiters in TESS full-frame images: a catalog and observed eccentricity distribution for year 1",

abstract = "Warm Jupiters - defined here as planets larger than 6 Earth radii with orbital periods of 8-200 days - are a key missing piece in our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. It is currently debated whether Warm Jupiters form in situ, undergo disk or high eccentricity tidal migration, or have a mixture of origin channels. These different classes of origin channels lead to different expectations for Warm Jupiters' properties, which are currently difficult to evaluate due to the small sample size. We take advantage of the TESS survey and systematically search for Warm Jupiter candidates around main-sequence host stars brighter than the TESS-band magnitude of 12 in the Full-Frame Images in Year 1 of the TESS Prime Mission data. We introduce a catalog of 55 Warm Jupiter candidates, including 19 candidates that were not originally released as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) by the TESS team. We fit their TESS light curves, characterize their eccentricities and transit-timing variations (TTVs), and prioritize a list for ground-based follow-up and TESS Extended Mission observations. Using hierarchical Bayesian modeling, we find the preliminary eccentricity distributions of our Warm-Jupiter-candidate catalog using a Beta distribution, a Rayleigh distribution, and a two-component Gaussian distribution as the functional forms of the eccentricity distribution. Additional follow-up observations will be required to clean the sample of false positives for a full statistical study, derive the orbital solutions to break the eccentricity degeneracy, and provide mass measurements. ",

keywords = "astro-ph.EP",

author = "Jiayin Dong and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Dawson, {Rebekah I.} and Daniel Foreman-Mackey and Collins, {Karen A.} and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Beatty, {Thomas G.} and Billy Quarles and Lizhou Sha and Avi Shporer and Zhao Guo and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Lyu Abe and Khalid Barkaoui and Zouhair Benkhaldoun and Brahm, {Rafael A.} and Francois Bouchy and Carmichael, {Theron W.} and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Conti, {Dennis M.} and Nicolas Crouzet and Georgina Dransfield and Phil Evans and Tianjun Gan and Mourad Ghachoui and Michael Gillon and Nolan Grieves and Tristan Guillot and Coel Hellier and Emmanuel Jehin and Jensen, {Eric L.} and Andres Jordan and Jacob Kamler and John Kielkopf and Djamel Mekarnia and Nielsen, {Louise D.} and Pozuelos, {Francisco J.} and Radford, {Don J.} and Francois-Xavier Schmider and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Chris Stockdale and Thiam-Guan Tan and Mathilde Timmermans and Triaud, {Amaury H.} and Gavin Wang and Ricker, {George R.} and Roland Vanderspek and Latham, {David W.} and Sara Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Ismael Mireles and Daniel Yahalomi and Morgan, {Edward H.} and Michael Vezie and Quintana, {Elisa V.} and Rose, {Mark E.} and Smith, {Jeffrey C.} and Bernie Shiao",

year = "2021",

month = jul,

doi = "10.3847/1538-4365/abf73c",

language = "English",

volume = "255",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series",

issn = "0067-0049",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Dong, J, Huang, CX, Dawson, RI, Foreman-Mackey, D, Collins, KA, Quinn, SN, Lissauer, JJ, Beatty, TG, Quarles, B, Sha, L, Shporer, A, Guo, Z, Kane, SR, Abe, L, Barkaoui, K, Benkhaldoun, Z, Brahm, RA, Bouchy, F, Carmichael, TW, Collins, KI, Conti, DM, Crouzet, N, Dransfield, G, Evans, P, Gan, T, Ghachoui, M, Gillon, M, Grieves, N, Guillot, T, Hellier, C, Jehin, E, Jensen, EL, Jordan, A, Kamler, J, Kielkopf, J, Mekarnia, D, Nielsen, LD, Pozuelos, FJ, Radford, DJ, Schmider, F-X, Schwarz, RP, Stockdale, C, Tan, T-G, Timmermans, M, Triaud, AH, Wang, G, Ricker, GR, Vanderspek, R, Latham, DW, Seager, S, Winn, JN, Jenkins, JM, Mireles, I, Yahalomi, D, Morgan, EH, Vezie, M, Quintana, EV, Rose, ME, Smith, JC & Shiao, B 2021, 'Warm Jupiters in TESS full-frame images: a catalog and observed eccentricity distribution for year 1', Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series, vol. 255, no. 1, 6. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abf73c

TY - JOUR

T1 - Warm Jupiters in TESS full-frame images

T2 - a catalog and observed eccentricity distribution for year 1

AU - Dong, Jiayin

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Dawson, Rebekah I.

AU - Foreman-Mackey, Daniel

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Beatty, Thomas G.

AU - Quarles, Billy

AU - Sha, Lizhou

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Guo, Zhao

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Barkaoui, Khalid

AU - Benkhaldoun, Zouhair

AU - Brahm, Rafael A.

AU - Bouchy, Francois

AU - Carmichael, Theron W.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Crouzet, Nicolas

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Evans, Phil

AU - Gan, Tianjun

AU - Ghachoui, Mourad

AU - Gillon, Michael

AU - Grieves, Nolan

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Jehin, Emmanuel

AU - Jensen, Eric L.

AU - Jordan, Andres

AU - Kamler, Jacob

AU - Kielkopf, John

AU - Mekarnia, Djamel

AU - Nielsen, Louise D.

AU - Pozuelos, Francisco J.

AU - Radford, Don J.

AU - Schmider, Francois-Xavier

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Stockdale, Chris

AU - Tan, Thiam-Guan

AU - Timmermans, Mathilde

AU - Triaud, Amaury H.

AU - Wang, Gavin

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Mireles, Ismael

AU - Yahalomi, Daniel

AU - Morgan, Edward H.

AU - Vezie, Michael

AU - Quintana, Elisa V.

AU - Rose, Mark E.

AU - Smith, Jeffrey C.

AU - Shiao, Bernie

PY - 2021/7

Y1 - 2021/7

N2 - Warm Jupiters - defined here as planets larger than 6 Earth radii with orbital periods of 8-200 days - are a key missing piece in our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. It is currently debated whether Warm Jupiters form in situ, undergo disk or high eccentricity tidal migration, or have a mixture of origin channels. These different classes of origin channels lead to different expectations for Warm Jupiters' properties, which are currently difficult to evaluate due to the small sample size. We take advantage of the TESS survey and systematically search for Warm Jupiter candidates around main-sequence host stars brighter than the TESS-band magnitude of 12 in the Full-Frame Images in Year 1 of the TESS Prime Mission data. We introduce a catalog of 55 Warm Jupiter candidates, including 19 candidates that were not originally released as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) by the TESS team. We fit their TESS light curves, characterize their eccentricities and transit-timing variations (TTVs), and prioritize a list for ground-based follow-up and TESS Extended Mission observations. Using hierarchical Bayesian modeling, we find the preliminary eccentricity distributions of our Warm-Jupiter-candidate catalog using a Beta distribution, a Rayleigh distribution, and a two-component Gaussian distribution as the functional forms of the eccentricity distribution. Additional follow-up observations will be required to clean the sample of false positives for a full statistical study, derive the orbital solutions to break the eccentricity degeneracy, and provide mass measurements.

AB - Warm Jupiters - defined here as planets larger than 6 Earth radii with orbital periods of 8-200 days - are a key missing piece in our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. It is currently debated whether Warm Jupiters form in situ, undergo disk or high eccentricity tidal migration, or have a mixture of origin channels. These different classes of origin channels lead to different expectations for Warm Jupiters' properties, which are currently difficult to evaluate due to the small sample size. We take advantage of the TESS survey and systematically search for Warm Jupiter candidates around main-sequence host stars brighter than the TESS-band magnitude of 12 in the Full-Frame Images in Year 1 of the TESS Prime Mission data. We introduce a catalog of 55 Warm Jupiter candidates, including 19 candidates that were not originally released as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) by the TESS team. We fit their TESS light curves, characterize their eccentricities and transit-timing variations (TTVs), and prioritize a list for ground-based follow-up and TESS Extended Mission observations. Using hierarchical Bayesian modeling, we find the preliminary eccentricity distributions of our Warm-Jupiter-candidate catalog using a Beta distribution, a Rayleigh distribution, and a two-component Gaussian distribution as the functional forms of the eccentricity distribution. Additional follow-up observations will be required to clean the sample of false positives for a full statistical study, derive the orbital solutions to break the eccentricity degeneracy, and provide mass measurements.

KW - astro-ph.EP

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U2 - 10.3847/1538-4365/abf73c

DO - 10.3847/1538-4365/abf73c

M3 - Article

SN - 0067-0049

VL - 255

JO - Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series

JF - Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series

IS - 1

M1 - 6

ER -

Warm Jupiters in TESS full-frame images: a catalog and observed eccentricity distribution for year 1

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