Abstract
Thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR®) is a promising conversion technology for the production of liquid bio-fuels. The process is a proven opportunity to convert biological wastes and residues into hydrogen-rich syngas, high-quality oil, and char without volatiles. Bio-oil produced from TCR® has a high carbon content, low water content, low oxygen content, and a high heating value; it is therefore directly applicable as feed in boilers or as blend in dual fuel engines. A feasible opportunity for using bio-oil in automotive combustion engines is a further upgrade step to bio-fuel by hydrogenation. During this hydrotreatment, heterogeneous atoms like sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are removed or substituted with hydrogen. Fraunhofer UMSICHT already produces gasoline and diesel that comply with European fuel standards EN 228 and EN 590, using different catalysts like NiMo/Al 2 O 3 , CoMo/Al 2 O 3 , and Ru/C for hydrogenation at 643 K and a constant hydrogen pressure of 14 MPa. Various hydrocarbons and benzene derivatives are verified after hydrotreating.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 822-837 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| Early online date | 25 Feb 2019 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2 May 2019 |
Keywords
- bio-oil upgrading
- biofuel
- biomass
- catalytic hydrotreating
- intermediate pyrolysis
- thermo-catalytic reforming
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Bioengineering
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Access to Document
- Hornung_et_al_Thermo-chemical_conversion_of_biomass_Biofuels_Bioproducts_and_Biorefining_2019
Checked for eligibility 07/02/2019 This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Schmitt, N. , Apfelbacher, A. , Jäger, N. , Daschner, R. , Stenzel, F. and Hornung, A. (2019), Thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass and upgrading to biofuel: The Thermo‐Catalytic Reforming process – A review. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 13: 822-837. doi:10.1002/bbb.1980, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/bbb.1980. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.