The strong environmental dependence of black hole scaling relations

S.L. McGee

doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1769

The strong environmental dependence of black hole scaling relations

S.L. McGee

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We investigate how the scaling relations between central black hole mass and host galaxy properties (velocity dispersion, bulge stellar mass and bulge luminosity) depend on the large-scale environment. For each of a sample of 69 galaxies with dynamical black hole measurements we compile four environmental measures (nearest-neighbour distance, fixed aperture number density, total halo mass and central/satellite).We find that central and satellite galaxies follow distinctly separate scalings in each of the three relations we have examined. The M•-σ relation of central galaxies is significantly steeper (β = 6.38 ± 0.49) than that of satellite galaxies (β = 4.91 ± 0.49), but has a similar intercept. This behaviour remains even after restricting to a sample of only early-type galaxies or after removing the eight brightest cluster galaxies. The M•-σ relation shows more modest differences when splitting the sample based on the other environmental indicators, suggesting that they are driven by the underlying satellite/central fractions. Separate relations for centrals and satellites are also seen in the power-law scaling between black hole mass and bulge stellar mass or bulge luminosity.We suggest that gas rich, low-mass galaxies undergo a period of rapid black hole growth in the process of becoming satellites. If central galaxies in the current M•-σ relation are representative progenitors of the satellite population, the observations imply that a σ = 120 km s-1 galaxy must nearly triple its central black hole mass. The elevated black hole masses of massive central galaxies are then a natural consequence of the accretion of satellites. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2708-2721
Number of pages	14
Journal	Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices
Volume	436
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1769
Publication status	Published - 2013

Bibliographical note

Export Date: 15 August 2017

CODEN: MNRAA

Correspondence Address: McGee, S.L.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; email: mcgee@strw.leidenuniv.nl

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Keywords

Galaxies:Evolution
Galaxies:formation
Galaxies:Structure

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10.1093/mnras/stt1769

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888272486&doi=10.1093%2fmnras%2fstt1769&partnerID=40&md5=84582181877238a92b503fd9d9648b80

Cite this

@article{f6a6a4682d32416d8005feea7f7d864d,

title = "The strong environmental dependence of black hole scaling relations",

abstract = "We investigate how the scaling relations between central black hole mass and host galaxy properties (velocity dispersion, bulge stellar mass and bulge luminosity) depend on the large-scale environment. For each of a sample of 69 galaxies with dynamical black hole measurements we compile four environmental measures (nearest-neighbour distance, fixed aperture number density, total halo mass and central/satellite).We find that central and satellite galaxies follow distinctly separate scalings in each of the three relations we have examined. The M•-σ relation of central galaxies is significantly steeper (β = 6.38 ± 0.49) than that of satellite galaxies (β = 4.91 ± 0.49), but has a similar intercept. This behaviour remains even after restricting to a sample of only early-type galaxies or after removing the eight brightest cluster galaxies. The M•-σ relation shows more modest differences when splitting the sample based on the other environmental indicators, suggesting that they are driven by the underlying satellite/central fractions. Separate relations for centrals and satellites are also seen in the power-law scaling between black hole mass and bulge stellar mass or bulge luminosity.We suggest that gas rich, low-mass galaxies undergo a period of rapid black hole growth in the process of becoming satellites. If central galaxies in the current M•-σ relation are representative progenitors of the satellite population, the observations imply that a σ = 120 km s-1 galaxy must nearly triple its central black hole mass. The elevated black hole masses of massive central galaxies are then a natural consequence of the accretion of satellites. {\textcopyright} 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.",

keywords = "Galaxies:Evolution, Galaxies:formation, Galaxies:Structure",

author = "S.L. McGee",

note = "Export Date: 15 August 2017 CODEN: MNRAA Correspondence Address: McGee, S.L.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; email: mcgee@strw.leidenuniv.nl References: Abadi, M.G., Moore, B., Bower, R.G., (1999) MNRAS, 308, p. 947; Angulo, R.E., Lacey, C.G., Baugh, C.M., Frenk, C.S., (2009) MNRAS, 399, p. 983; Bahe, Y.M., McCarthy, I.G., Balogh, M.L., Font, A.S., (2013) MNRAS, 430, p. 3017; Baldry, I.K., Balogh, M.L., Bower, R.G., Glazebrook, K., Nichol, R.C., Bamford, S.P., Budavari, T., (2006) MNRAS, 373, p. 469; Balogh, M.L., Morris, S.L., Yee, H.K.C., Carlberg, R.G., Ellingson, E., (1999) ApJ, 527, p. 54; Bamford, S.P., (2009) MNRAS, 393, p. 1324; Behroozi, P.S., Conroy, C., Wechsler, R.H., (2010) ApJ, 717, p. 379; Bekki, K., Couch, W.J., (2011) MNRAS, 415, p. 1783; Berlind, A.A., (2006) ApJS, 167, p. 1; Bernardi, M., (2003) AJ, 125, p. 1849; Binney, J., (1982) ARA&A, 20, p. 399; Blanton, M.R., Berlind, A.A., (2007) ApJ, 664, p. 791; Blanton, M.R., Eisenstein, D., Hogg, D.W., Schlegel, D.J., Brinkmann, J., (2005) ApJ, 629, p. 143; Blumenthal, G.R., Faber, S.M., Primack, J.R., Rees, M.J., (1984) Nat, 311, p. 517; Booth, C.M., Schaye, J., (2009) MNRAS, 398, p. 53; Boselli, A., Gavazzi, G., Lequeux, J., Buat, V., Casoli, F., Dickey, J., Donas, J., (1997), 327, p. 522. , A&A; Bower, R.G., Benson, A.J., Malbon, R., Helly, J.C., Frenk, C.S., Baugh, C.M., Cole, S., Lacey, C.G., (2006) MNRAS, 370, p. 645; Bower, R.G., McCarthy, I.G., Benson, A.J., (2008) MNRAS, 390, p. 1399; Cappellari, M., (2006) MNRAS, 366, p. 1126; Catinella, B., (2012), 544, pp. A65. , A&A; Catinella, B., (2013), preprint (arXiv:1308.1676); Cattaneo, A., Teyssier, R., (2007) MNRAS, 376, p. 1547; Christlein, D., Zabludoff, A.I., (2004) ApJ, 616, p. 192; Ciotti, L., Ostriker, J.P., (2007) ApJ, 665, p. 1038; Conroy, C., van Dokkum, P.G., (2012) ApJ, 760, p. 71; Crook, A.C., Huchra, J.P., Martimbeau, N., Masters, K.L., Jarrett, T., Macri, L.M., (2007) ApJ, 655, p. 790; Crook, A.C., Huchra, J.P., Martimbeau, N., Masters, K.L., Jarrett, T., Macri, L.M., (2008) ApJ, 685, p. 1320; Croton, D.J., (2005) MNRAS, 356, p. 1155; Croton, D.J., (2006) MNRAS, 365, p. 11; De Lucia, G., Blaizot, J., (2007) MNRAS, 375, p. 2; Dressler, A., (1980) ApJ, 236, p. 351; Dubois, Y., Devriendt, J., Slyz, A., Teyssier, R., (2012) MNRAS, 420, p. 2662; Dubois, Y., Pichon, C., Haehnelt, M., Kimm, T., Slyz, A., Devriendt, J., Pogosyan, D., (2012) MNRAS, 423, p. 3616; Eke, V.R., (2004) MNRAS, 348, p. 866; Erdoǧdu, P., (2006) MNRAS, 373, p. 45; Fabello, S., Kauffmann, G., Catinella, B., Li, C., Giovanelli, R., Haynes, M.P., (2012) MNRAS, 427, p. 2841; Faucher-Gigu{\`e}re, C.-A., Quataert, E., (2012) MNRAS, 425, p. 605; Ferrarese, L., Merritt, D., (2000) ApJ, 539, pp. L9; Gao, L., Springel, V., White, S.D.M., (2005) MNRAS, 363, pp. L66; Gebhardt, K., (2000) ApJ, 539, pp. L13; Geha, M., Blanton, M.R., Yan, R., Tinker, J.L., (2012) ApJ, 757, p. 85; George, M.R., (2011) ApJ, 742, p. 125; Graham, A.W., (2007) MNRAS, 379, p. 711; Graham, A.W., (2008) PASA, 25, p. 167; Graham, A.W., (2008) ApJ, 680, p. 143; Graham, A.W., (2012) ApJ, 746, p. 113; Graham, A.W., (2013), p. 91. , in Oswalt T. 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Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Graham, A.W., Driver, S.P., (2007) ApJ, 655, p. 77; Graham, A.W., Scott, N., (2013) ApJ, 764, p. 151; Graham, A.W., Erwin, P., Caon, N., Trujillo, I., (2001) ApJ, 563, pp. L11; Graham, A.W., Onken, C.A., Athanassoula, E., Combes, F., (2011) MNRAS, 412, p. 2211; Gunn, J.E., Gott, J.R., (1972) ApJ, 176, p. 1; H{\"a}ring, N., Rix, H.-W., (2004) ApJ, 604, pp. L89; Haynes, M.P., Giovanelli, R., Chincarini, G.L., (1984), 22, p. 445. , ARA&A; Hopkins, P.F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T.J., Di Matteo, T., Robertson, B., Springel, V., (2006) ApJS, 163, p. 1; Hopkins, P.F., Narayan, R., Hernquist, L., (2006) ApJ, 643, p. 641; Hopkins, P.F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T.J., Kere{\v s}, D., (2008) ApJS, 175, p. 356; Hopkins, P.F., Cox, T.J., Kere{\v s}, D., Hernquist, L., (2008) ApJS, 175, p. 390; Huchra, J.P., Geller, M.J., (1982) ApJ, 257, p. 423; Huchra, J.P., (2012) ApJS, 199, p. 26; Hudson, M.J., Stevenson, J.B., Smith, R.J., Wegner, G.A., Lucey, J.R., Simard, L., (2010) MNRAS, 409, p. 405; Jaff{\'e}, Y.L., Poggianti, B.M., Verheijen, M.A.W., Deshev, B.Z., van Gorkom, J.H., (2012) ApJ, 756, pp. L28; Kauffmann, G., Haehnelt, M., (2000) MNRAS, 311, p. 576; Kelly, B.C., (2007) ApJ, 665, p. 1489; Kenney, J.D.P., Young, J.S., (1989) ApJ, 344, p. 171; King, A., (2003) ApJ, 596, pp. L27; Kormendy, J., Gebhardt, K., (2001), 586, p. 363. , in Wheeler J. 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year = "2013",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stt1769",

language = "English",

volume = "436",

pages = "2708--2721",

journal = "Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "SIPRI/Oxford University Press",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The strong environmental dependence of black hole scaling relations

AU - McGee, S.L.

N1 - Export Date: 15 August 2017 CODEN: MNRAA Correspondence Address: McGee, S.L.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; email: mcgee@strw.leidenuniv.nl References: Abadi, M.G., Moore, B., Bower, R.G., (1999) MNRAS, 308, p. 947; Angulo, R.E., Lacey, C.G., Baugh, C.M., Frenk, C.S., (2009) MNRAS, 399, p. 983; Bahe, Y.M., McCarthy, I.G., Balogh, M.L., Font, A.S., (2013) MNRAS, 430, p. 3017; Baldry, I.K., Balogh, M.L., Bower, R.G., Glazebrook, K., Nichol, R.C., Bamford, S.P., Budavari, T., (2006) MNRAS, 373, p. 469; Balogh, M.L., Morris, S.L., Yee, H.K.C., Carlberg, R.G., Ellingson, E., (1999) ApJ, 527, p. 54; Bamford, S.P., (2009) MNRAS, 393, p. 1324; Behroozi, P.S., Conroy, C., Wechsler, R.H., (2010) ApJ, 717, p. 379; Bekki, K., Couch, W.J., (2011) MNRAS, 415, p. 1783; Berlind, A.A., (2006) ApJS, 167, p. 1; Bernardi, M., (2003) AJ, 125, p. 1849; Binney, J., (1982) ARA&A, 20, p. 399; Blanton, M.R., Berlind, A.A., (2007) ApJ, 664, p. 791; Blanton, M.R., Eisenstein, D., Hogg, D.W., Schlegel, D.J., Brinkmann, J., (2005) ApJ, 629, p. 143; Blumenthal, G.R., Faber, S.M., Primack, J.R., Rees, M.J., (1984) Nat, 311, p. 517; Booth, C.M., Schaye, J., (2009) MNRAS, 398, p. 53; Boselli, A., Gavazzi, G., Lequeux, J., Buat, V., Casoli, F., Dickey, J., Donas, J., (1997), 327, p. 522. , A&A; Bower, R.G., Benson, A.J., Malbon, R., Helly, J.C., Frenk, C.S., Baugh, C.M., Cole, S., Lacey, C.G., (2006) MNRAS, 370, p. 645; Bower, R.G., McCarthy, I.G., Benson, A.J., (2008) MNRAS, 390, p. 1399; Cappellari, M., (2006) MNRAS, 366, p. 1126; Catinella, B., (2012), 544, pp. A65. , A&A; Catinella, B., (2013), preprint (arXiv:1308.1676); Cattaneo, A., Teyssier, R., (2007) MNRAS, 376, p. 1547; Christlein, D., Zabludoff, A.I., (2004) ApJ, 616, p. 192; Ciotti, L., Ostriker, J.P., (2007) ApJ, 665, p. 1038; Conroy, C., van Dokkum, P.G., (2012) ApJ, 760, p. 71; Crook, A.C., Huchra, J.P., Martimbeau, N., Masters, K.L., Jarrett, T., Macri, L.M., (2007) ApJ, 655, p. 790; Crook, A.C., Huchra, J.P., Martimbeau, N., Masters, K.L., Jarrett, T., Macri, L.M., (2008) ApJ, 685, p. 1320; Croton, D.J., (2005) MNRAS, 356, p. 1155; Croton, D.J., (2006) MNRAS, 365, p. 11; De Lucia, G., Blaizot, J., (2007) MNRAS, 375, p. 2; Dressler, A., (1980) ApJ, 236, p. 351; Dubois, Y., Devriendt, J., Slyz, A., Teyssier, R., (2012) MNRAS, 420, p. 2662; Dubois, Y., Pichon, C., Haehnelt, M., Kimm, T., Slyz, A., Devriendt, J., Pogosyan, D., (2012) MNRAS, 423, p. 3616; Eke, V.R., (2004) MNRAS, 348, p. 866; Erdoǧdu, P., (2006) MNRAS, 373, p. 45; Fabello, S., Kauffmann, G., Catinella, B., Li, C., Giovanelli, R., Haynes, M.P., (2012) MNRAS, 427, p. 2841; Faucher-Giguère, C.-A., Quataert, E., (2012) MNRAS, 425, p. 605; Ferrarese, L., Merritt, D., (2000) ApJ, 539, pp. L9; Gao, L., Springel, V., White, S.D.M., (2005) MNRAS, 363, pp. L66; Gebhardt, K., (2000) ApJ, 539, pp. L13; Geha, M., Blanton, M.R., Yan, R., Tinker, J.L., (2012) ApJ, 757, p. 85; George, M.R., (2011) ApJ, 742, p. 125; Graham, A.W., (2007) MNRAS, 379, p. 711; Graham, A.W., (2008) PASA, 25, p. 167; Graham, A.W., (2008) ApJ, 680, p. 143; Graham, A.W., (2012) ApJ, 746, p. 113; Graham, A.W., (2013), p. 91. , in Oswalt T. 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PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - We investigate how the scaling relations between central black hole mass and host galaxy properties (velocity dispersion, bulge stellar mass and bulge luminosity) depend on the large-scale environment. For each of a sample of 69 galaxies with dynamical black hole measurements we compile four environmental measures (nearest-neighbour distance, fixed aperture number density, total halo mass and central/satellite).We find that central and satellite galaxies follow distinctly separate scalings in each of the three relations we have examined. The M•-σ relation of central galaxies is significantly steeper (β = 6.38 ± 0.49) than that of satellite galaxies (β = 4.91 ± 0.49), but has a similar intercept. This behaviour remains even after restricting to a sample of only early-type galaxies or after removing the eight brightest cluster galaxies. The M•-σ relation shows more modest differences when splitting the sample based on the other environmental indicators, suggesting that they are driven by the underlying satellite/central fractions. Separate relations for centrals and satellites are also seen in the power-law scaling between black hole mass and bulge stellar mass or bulge luminosity.We suggest that gas rich, low-mass galaxies undergo a period of rapid black hole growth in the process of becoming satellites. If central galaxies in the current M•-σ relation are representative progenitors of the satellite population, the observations imply that a σ = 120 km s-1 galaxy must nearly triple its central black hole mass. The elevated black hole masses of massive central galaxies are then a natural consequence of the accretion of satellites. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.

AB - We investigate how the scaling relations between central black hole mass and host galaxy properties (velocity dispersion, bulge stellar mass and bulge luminosity) depend on the large-scale environment. For each of a sample of 69 galaxies with dynamical black hole measurements we compile four environmental measures (nearest-neighbour distance, fixed aperture number density, total halo mass and central/satellite).We find that central and satellite galaxies follow distinctly separate scalings in each of the three relations we have examined. The M•-σ relation of central galaxies is significantly steeper (β = 6.38 ± 0.49) than that of satellite galaxies (β = 4.91 ± 0.49), but has a similar intercept. This behaviour remains even after restricting to a sample of only early-type galaxies or after removing the eight brightest cluster galaxies. The M•-σ relation shows more modest differences when splitting the sample based on the other environmental indicators, suggesting that they are driven by the underlying satellite/central fractions. Separate relations for centrals and satellites are also seen in the power-law scaling between black hole mass and bulge stellar mass or bulge luminosity.We suggest that gas rich, low-mass galaxies undergo a period of rapid black hole growth in the process of becoming satellites. If central galaxies in the current M•-σ relation are representative progenitors of the satellite population, the observations imply that a σ = 120 km s-1 galaxy must nearly triple its central black hole mass. The elevated black hole masses of massive central galaxies are then a natural consequence of the accretion of satellites. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.

KW - Galaxies:Evolution

KW - Galaxies:formation

KW - Galaxies:Structure

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stt1769

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stt1769

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 436

SP - 2708

EP - 2721

JO - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices

JF - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices

IS - 3

ER -

The strong environmental dependence of black hole scaling relations

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