The scope of carer effects and their inclusion in decision-making: a UK-based Delphi study

Hareth Al-Janabi, Nikolaos Efstathiou, Carol McLoughlin, Melanie Calvert, Jan R. Oyebode

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

92 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background and objective: Health and social care may affect unpaid (family) carers’ health and wellbeing in addition to patients’ lives. It is recommended that such impacts (carer effects) are considered in decision-making. However, the scope of carer effects and range of decisions where carer effects should be considered is uncertain. This study aimed to identify: (i) how different categories of healthcare and social care were perceived to impact on unpaid carers; and (ii) whether there was consensus about when carer effects should be formally considered in decision-making contexts. Methods: A two round, online Delphi study was conducted with 65 UK-based participants (unpaid carers, care professionals, and researchers) with expertise in dementia, mental health, and stroke. Participants considered two broad forms of ‘interventions’ (patient treatment and replacement care) and two broad forms of ‘organisational change’ (staffing and changes in timing/location of care). Participants assessed the likely impacts of these on unpaid carers and whether impacts should be considered in decision-making. Results: Participants predicted interventions and organisational changes would impact on multiple domains of unpaid carers’ lives, with ‘emotional health’ the most likely outcome to be affected. Patient treatment and replacement care services (‘interventions’) were associated with positive impacts across all domains. Conversely, timing/location changes and staffing changes (‘organisational changes’) were perceived to have mixed and negative impacts. There was widespread support (80–81 %) for considering carer effects in research studies, funding decisions, and patient decision-making. Conclusions: This study highlights a perception that carer effects are widespread and important to consider in economic evaluation and decision-making. It highlights the particular need to measure and value effects on carers’ emotional health and the need to use a societal perspective to avoid cost shifting to unpaid carers when introducing interventions and making organisational changes.

Original languageEnglish
Article number752
Number of pages10
JournalBMC Health Services Research
Volume21
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 29 Jul 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Career Development Fellowship (CDF-2015-08-025) awarded to HA for this research project. This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

Keywords

  • Informal care
  • Economic evaluation
  • Delphi
  • Mental health, dementia
  • Stroke

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'The scope of carer effects and their inclusion in decision-making: a UK-based Delphi study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this