The role of autophagy and lncRNAs in the maintenance of cancer stem cells

Leila Jahangiri; Tala Ishola; Perla Pucci; Ricky M Trigg; Joao Pereira; John A Williams; Megan L Cavanagh; Georgios V Gkoutos; Loukia Tsaprouni; Suzanne D Turner

doi:10.3390/cancers13061239

The role of autophagy and lncRNAs in the maintenance of cancer stem cells

Leila Jahangiri, Tala Ishola, Perla Pucci, Ricky M Trigg, Joao Pereira, John A Williams, Megan L Cavanagh, Georgios V Gkoutos, Loukia Tsaprouni, Suzanne D Turner

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.

Original language	English
Article number	1239
Number of pages	30
Journal	Cancers
Volume	13
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061239
Publication status	Published - 11 Mar 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
G.V.G. acknowledges support from the NIHR Birmingham ECMC, NIHR Birmingham SRMRC, Nanocommons Horizon 2020-EU (731032), the NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, and the MRC HDR UK (HDRUK/CFC/01), an initiative funded by UK Research and Innovation, Department of Health and Social Care (England) and the devolved administrations, and leading medical research charities. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research, the Medical Research Council, or the Department of Health.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Autophagy
Cancer stem cells (CSCs)
Haematological malignancies
LncRNAs
Solid cancers
Tumour microenvironment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Oncology
Cancer Research

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.3390/cancers13061239Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

Jahangiril2021RoleFinal published version, 4.84 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

H2020_RIA_NANOCOMMONS_CO-ORDINATOR
Valsami-Jones, E., Lynch, I. & Gkoutos, G.
European Commission
1/01/18 → 30/06/22
Project: EU

Cite this

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title = "The role of autophagy and lncRNAs in the maintenance of cancer stem cells",

abstract = "Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.",

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note = "Funding Information: G.V.G. acknowledges support from the NIHR Birmingham ECMC, NIHR Birmingham SRMRC, Nanocommons Horizon 2020-EU (731032), the NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, and the MRC HDR UK (HDRUK/CFC/01), an initiative funded by UK Research and Innovation, Department of Health and Social Care (England) and the devolved administrations, and leading medical research charities. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research, the Medical Research Council, or the Department of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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AU - Williams, John A

AU - Cavanagh, Megan L

AU - Gkoutos, Georgios V

AU - Tsaprouni, Loukia

AU - Turner, Suzanne D

N1 - Funding Information: G.V.G. acknowledges support from the NIHR Birmingham ECMC, NIHR Birmingham SRMRC, Nanocommons Horizon 2020-EU (731032), the NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, and the MRC HDR UK (HDRUK/CFC/01), an initiative funded by UK Research and Innovation, Department of Health and Social Care (England) and the devolved administrations, and leading medical research charities. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research, the Medical Research Council, or the Department of Health. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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N2 - Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.

AB - Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.

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The role of autophagy and lncRNAs in the maintenance of cancer stem cells

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Projects

H2020_RIA_NANOCOMMONS_CO-ORDINATOR

Cite this