TY - JOUR
T1 - The rise and fall of an extraordinary Ca-rich transient. The discovery of ATLAS19dqr/SN 2019bkc
AU - Prentice, S.~J.
AU - Maguire, K.
AU - Flörs, A.
AU - Taubenberger, S.
AU - Inserra, C.
AU - Frohmaier, C.
AU - Chen, T.~W.
AU - Anderson, J.~P.
AU - Ashall, C.
AU - Clark, P.
AU - Fraser, M.
AU - Galbany, L.
AU - Gal-Yam, A.
AU - Gromadzki, M.
AU - Gutiérrez, C.~P.
AU - James, P.~A.
AU - Jonker, P.~G.
AU - Kankare, E.
AU - Leloudas, G.
AU - Magee, M.~R.
AU - Mazzali, P.~A.
AU - Nicholl, M.
AU - Pursiainen, M.
AU - Skillen, K.
AU - Smartt, S.~J.
AU - Smith, K.~W.
AU - Vogl, C.
AU - Young, D.~R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© ESO 2020.
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - This work presents the observations and analysis of ATLAS19dqr/SN 2019bkc, an extraordinary rapidly evolving transient event located in an isolated environment, tens of kiloparsecs from any likely host. Its light curves rise to maximum light in 5-6 d and then display a decline of Δm
15 ∼ 5 mag. With such a pronounced decay, it has one of the most rapidly evolving light curves known for a stellar explosion. The early spectra show similarities to normal and "ultra-stripped" type Ic SNe, but the early nebular phase spectra, which were reached just over two weeks after explosion, display prominent calcium lines, marking SN 2019bkc as a Ca-rich transient. The Ca emission lines at this phase show an unprecedented and unexplained blueshift of 10 000-12 000 km s
-1. Modelling of the light curve and the early spectra suggests that the transient had a low ejecta mass of 0.2-0.4 M
⊙ and a low kinetic energy of (2-4) × 10
50 erg, giving a specific kinetic energy E
k/M
ej ∼ 1 [10
51 erg]/M
⊙. The origin of this event cannot be unambiguously defined. While the abundance distribution used to model the spectra marginally favours a progenitor of white dwarf origin through the tentative identification of Ar II, the specific kinetic energy, which is defined by the explosion mechanism, is found to be more similar to an ultra-stripped core-collapse events. SN 2019bkc adds to the diverse range of physical properties shown by Ca-rich events.
AB - This work presents the observations and analysis of ATLAS19dqr/SN 2019bkc, an extraordinary rapidly evolving transient event located in an isolated environment, tens of kiloparsecs from any likely host. Its light curves rise to maximum light in 5-6 d and then display a decline of Δm
15 ∼ 5 mag. With such a pronounced decay, it has one of the most rapidly evolving light curves known for a stellar explosion. The early spectra show similarities to normal and "ultra-stripped" type Ic SNe, but the early nebular phase spectra, which were reached just over two weeks after explosion, display prominent calcium lines, marking SN 2019bkc as a Ca-rich transient. The Ca emission lines at this phase show an unprecedented and unexplained blueshift of 10 000-12 000 km s
-1. Modelling of the light curve and the early spectra suggests that the transient had a low ejecta mass of 0.2-0.4 M
⊙ and a low kinetic energy of (2-4) × 10
50 erg, giving a specific kinetic energy E
k/M
ej ∼ 1 [10
51 erg]/M
⊙. The origin of this event cannot be unambiguously defined. While the abundance distribution used to model the spectra marginally favours a progenitor of white dwarf origin through the tentative identification of Ar II, the specific kinetic energy, which is defined by the explosion mechanism, is found to be more similar to an ultra-stripped core-collapse events. SN 2019bkc adds to the diverse range of physical properties shown by Ca-rich events.
KW - supernovae: individual: SN 2019bkc
KW - Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082870083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201936515
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201936515
M3 - Article
SN - 0004-6361
VL - 635
SP - A186
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
M1 - A186
ER -