The integration of cultural and creative industries into local and regional development strategies in Birmingham and Marseille: Towards a more inlcusive governance?

The integration of cultural and creative industries into local and regional development strategies in Birmingham and Marseille: towards an inclusive and collaborative governance?, Regional Studies. This paper explores the nature of the integration mechanisms of cultural and creative industries (CCI) into local and regional strategies and policies in Birmingham (UK) and Marseille (France) over the last thirty years. Using the typology developed by Smith and Warfield in 2008 with regard to CCI local policies and drawing on the collaborative governance model of Ansell and Gash in 2007, the paper compares the private CCI actors involved in local policies based on culture-centric versus econo-centric approaches. It demonstrates that the culture-centric approach is more exclusive than the econo-centric approach, and tends to lead to restrictive governance arrangements.