The effects of Sn infiltration on dry reforming of biogas at solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions over Ni-YSZ catalysts

This work presents successful infiltration of Ni-YSZ-based catalysts for dry reforming of biogas over a temperature range of 600–800°C. Ni catalysts over YSZ support are commonly used as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material to catalyse the fuel, normally hydrogen, in electrochemical oxidation reaction to generate electricity. The objective of this work is to find suitable SOFC anode catalyst materials to enable the SOFCs to operate on biogas as a renewable and low cost fuel. There are challenges when biogas is used as fuel; biogas dry reforming is slow and deleterious carbon deposition is unavoidable. The slow electrochemical reaction leads to low SOFC performance. While accumulation of carbon deposits may reduce the catalytic activity, decrease the SOFC performance and can lead to a complete failure of the SOFC operation. In this work, tin salt was used as a dopant in careful infiltration of Ni-YSZ catalysts. Characterisations of the catalysts were performed using SEM, XRF and XPS. Dry reforming reactions were carried out in a quartz tube reactor attached to a quadrupole mass spectrometer to monitor the product gases. Various compositions of CO₂:CH₄ mixtures were used to simulate biogas. It was observed that at small quantities of less than 1 weight % Sn/Ni loadings, dry reforming of biogas producedmuch higher level of the desired CO and H₂ gas products compared to that obtained over non-infiltrated NiYSZ catalyst. The developed Sn-Ni-YSZ catalysts were able to operate continuously for more than 48 hours without noticeable performance degradation. More work is still in progress; however, this work so far concludes that Sn-doped Ni-YSZ catalysts have improved dry reforming of biogas at SOFC operating temperatures and so promised successful operations of SOFCs using biogas, a renewable fuel source, to produce sustainable electricity with high efficiency.