The Crystal Structure of the Cytosolic Exopolyphosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals the Basis for Substrate Specificity

E Ugochukwu, AL Lovering, OC Mather, Thomas Young, Scott White

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

29 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Inorganic long-chain polyphosphate is a ubiquitous linear polymer in biology, consisting of many phosphate moieties linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. It is synthesized by polyphosphate kinase, and metabolised by a number of enzymes, including exo- and endopolyphosphatases. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PPX1 encodes for a 45 kDa, metal-dependent, cytosolic exopolyphosphatase that processively cleaves the terminal phosphate group from the polyphosphate chain, until inorganic pyrophosphate is all that remains. PPX1 belongs to the DHH family of phosphoesterases, which includes: family-2 inorganic pyrophosphatases, found in Gram-positive bacteria; prune, a cyclic AMPase; and RecJ, a single-stranded DNA exonuclease. We describe the high-resolution X-ray structures of yeast PPX1, solved using the multiple isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering (MIRAS) technique, and its complexes with phosphate (1.6 A), sulphate (1.8 A) and ATP (1.9 A). Yeast PPX1 folds into two domains, and the structures reveal a strong similarity to the family-2 inorganic pyrophosphatases, particularly in the active-site region. A large, extended channel formed at the interface of the N and C-terminal domains is lined with positively charged amino acids and represents a conduit for polyphosphate and the site of phosphate hydrolysis. Structural comparisons with the inorganic pyrophosphatases and analysis of the ligand-bound complexes lead us to propose a hydrolysis mechanism. Finally, we discuss a structural basis for substrate selectivity and processivity.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1007-1021
Number of pages15
JournalJournal of Molecular Biology
Volume371
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 24 Aug 2007

Keywords

  • exopolyphosphatase
  • DHH family
  • phosphoesterases
  • long-chain polyphosphate
  • family 2 PPase

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