Abstract
As the demand for energy continuously increases, alternatives to fossil resources must be found to both prevent fossil source depletion and decrease overall environmental impact. One solution is increasing contributions from renewable, biological feedstock, and from wastes. This paper presents an analysis of the current methods of biomass conversion, to extract biofuels and biologically produced gases to then be used in fuel cells. Pathways for converting biomass feedstock into fuel cell fuels selected here were anaerobic digestion, metabolic processing, fermentation, gasification, and supercritical water gasification, which were compared to natural gas and fossil hydrogen reference cases. These thermochemical and biological conversion pathways can also make use of residues from agriculture, forestry, or some household and industry wastes, producing hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases. Solid oxide fuel cells were also found to be the preferred technology for such bio-derived fuel gases, due to their wide range of fuel options, wide scalability from single kW to multi 100 kW, and high efficiency.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 23178-23192 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy |
Volume | 43 |
Issue number | 52 |
Early online date | 16 Nov 2018 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 27 Dec 2018 |
Keywords
- Biomass
- Fuel cells
- Fuel gases
- Hydrogen
- Sustainability
- Systematic analysis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Fuel Technology
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology