Simulating the impact damage of laminated glass considering mixed mode delamination using FEM/DEM

This paper presents an approach for modelling the impact breakage of the laminated glass (LG) using the combined finite-discrete element method (FEM/DEM). It encompasses the discrete crack model for glass, the Mooney-Rivlin model to represent the hyperelasticity of the PVB interlayers. The improved Xu and Needleman model is adapted to serve as the mixed-mode interfacial constitutive law, in particular, describing the combined damage-plasticity behaviour for irreversible unloading and thus can predict the interlaminar cohesion failure. The comparison between the simulation and the experimental results for several laminated glass make-ups shows that this interfacial model can adequately reproduce the typical delamination behaviour. The characteristics of the stress wave propagation and the interlayer tearing in the example cases can be satisfactorily reproduced. The shortcoming of the discrete crack model in modelling the impact damage of strengthened glass and the resulting errors are discussed as well.