Relationship between primary school healthy eating and physical activity promoting environments and children’s dietary intake, physical activity and weight status: A longitudinal study in the West Midlands, UK

Funding Information: The WAVES trial was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme (project reference 06/85/11). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. We would like to acknowledge the contribution of all the WAVES study trial investigators: University of Birmingham: Peymane Adab (Professor of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Public Health and Chief Investigator), Tim Barrett (Leonard Parsons Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health), KK Cheng (Professor of Public Health and Primary Care), Jonathan J Deeks (Professor of Biostatistics), Joan L Duda (Professor of Sport and Exercise Psychology), Emma Frew (Professor in Health Economics), Karla Hemming (Professor of Biostatistics), Miranda J Pallan (Reader in Public Health and Epidemiology) and Jayne Parry (Professor of Policy and Public Health); University of Cambridge, Cambridge MRC Epidemiology Unit/Norwegian School of Sport Sciences: Ulf Ekelund (Professor in Physical Activity and Health); University of Leeds: Janet E Cade (Professor of Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health); Loughborough University: Amanda Daley (Professor of Behavioural Medicine); University of Edinburgh: Raj Bhopal (Emeritus Professor of Public Health); University of Warwick: Paramjit Gill (Professor of General Practice); Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust: Eleanor McGee (Public Health Nutrition Lead); and Birmingham Services for Education: Sandra Passmore (Education Advisor). We thank the children, school staff and parents who participated in the trial; the study team, including Behnoush Mohammadpoor Ahranjani and Emma Popo, who helped in overseeing the study measurements and data collection; the administrative team who facilitated the running of the project; the research staff who undertook the study measurements; and Robert Lancashire, who developed the trial database and oversaw data management. We also thank our collaborators at the Institute of Metabolic Science at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit (University of Cambridge) for their support and assistance, particularly Soren Brage, Kate Westgate and Stefanie Hollidge, for training of field staff on use and maintenance of Actiheart, for overseeing data preparation, and for analysis and interpretation of the physical activity data; Timo Lakka (principal investigator of the PANIC study, University of Eastern Finland) for sharing exercise data in a similarly aged cohort of children to allow translation of observed heart rate into activity energy expenditure; staff who are working, or have previously worked, at the Nutrition Epidemiology Group in Leeds, who have supported the trial team in terms of administration of the CADET food ticklist and processing of the data to enable us to undertake dietary intake analysis, in particular Neil Hancock, Cristina Cleghorn, Meagan Christian, Jayne Hutchinson, Holly Rippin and Catherine Rycroft. We also thank Sayeed Haque for his statistical advice on the analyses for this particular study.