TY - JOUR
T1 - Postexercise cold water immersion modulates skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA expression in immersed and nonimmersed limbs
T2 - evidence of systemic regulation
AU - Allan, Robert
AU - Sharples, Adam P.
AU - Close, Graeme L.
AU - Drust, Barry
AU - Shepherd, Sam O.
AU - Dutton, John
AU - Morton, James P.
AU - Gregson, Warren
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Mechanisms mediating postexercise cold-induced increases in PGC-1α gene expression in human skeletal muscle are yet to be fully elucidated but may involve local cooling effects on AMPK and p38 MAPK-related signaling and/or increased systemic β-adrenergic stimulation. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether postexercise cold water immersion enhancement of PGC-1α mRNA is mediated through local or systemic mechanisms. Ten subjects completed acute cycling (8 × 5 min at ~80% peak power output) followed by seated-rest (CON) or single-leg cold water immersion (CWI; 10 min, 8°C). Muscle biopsies were obtained preexercise, postexercise, and 3 h postexercise from a single limb in the CON condition but from both limbs in CWI [thereby providing tissue from a CWI and nonimmersed limb (NOT)]. Muscle temperature decreased up to 2 h postexercise following CWI (−5°C) in the immersed limb, with lesser changes observed in CON and NOT (−3°C, P < 0.05). No differences between limbs were observed in p38 MAPK phosphorylation at any time point (P < 0.05), whereas a significant interaction effect was present for AMPK phosphorylation (P = 0.031). Exercise (CON) increased gene expression of PGC-1α 3 h postexercise (~5-fold, P < 0.001). CWI augmented PGC-1α expression above CON in both the immersed (CWI; ~9-fold, P = 0.003) and NOT limbs (~12-fold, P = 0.001). Plasma normetanephrine concentration was higher in CWI vs. CON immediately postimmersion (860 vs. 665 pmol/l, P = 0.034). We report for the first time that local cooling of the immersed limb evokes transcriptional control of PGC-1α in the nonimmersed limb, suggesting increased systemic β-adrenergic activation of AMPK may mediate, in part, postexercise cold induction of PGC-1α mRNA.
AB - Mechanisms mediating postexercise cold-induced increases in PGC-1α gene expression in human skeletal muscle are yet to be fully elucidated but may involve local cooling effects on AMPK and p38 MAPK-related signaling and/or increased systemic β-adrenergic stimulation. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether postexercise cold water immersion enhancement of PGC-1α mRNA is mediated through local or systemic mechanisms. Ten subjects completed acute cycling (8 × 5 min at ~80% peak power output) followed by seated-rest (CON) or single-leg cold water immersion (CWI; 10 min, 8°C). Muscle biopsies were obtained preexercise, postexercise, and 3 h postexercise from a single limb in the CON condition but from both limbs in CWI [thereby providing tissue from a CWI and nonimmersed limb (NOT)]. Muscle temperature decreased up to 2 h postexercise following CWI (−5°C) in the immersed limb, with lesser changes observed in CON and NOT (−3°C, P < 0.05). No differences between limbs were observed in p38 MAPK phosphorylation at any time point (P < 0.05), whereas a significant interaction effect was present for AMPK phosphorylation (P = 0.031). Exercise (CON) increased gene expression of PGC-1α 3 h postexercise (~5-fold, P < 0.001). CWI augmented PGC-1α expression above CON in both the immersed (CWI; ~9-fold, P = 0.003) and NOT limbs (~12-fold, P = 0.001). Plasma normetanephrine concentration was higher in CWI vs. CON immediately postimmersion (860 vs. 665 pmol/l, P = 0.034). We report for the first time that local cooling of the immersed limb evokes transcriptional control of PGC-1α in the nonimmersed limb, suggesting increased systemic β-adrenergic activation of AMPK may mediate, in part, postexercise cold induction of PGC-1α mRNA.
KW - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1alpha
KW - cold water immersion
KW - normetanephrine
KW - AMP-activated protein kinase
U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2017
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2017
M3 - Article
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 123
SP - 451
EP - 459
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology
IS - 2
ER -