TY - JOUR
T1 - Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) stimulates thyroid cell proliferation via a VEGF/KDR/ID3 autocrine pathway
AU - Kim, Dae
AU - Franklyn, Jayne
AU - Boelaert, Kristien
AU - Eggo, Margaret
AU - Watkinson, John
AU - McCabe, Christopher
PY - 2006/9/5
Y1 - 2006/9/5
N2 - Context: Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) exerts its biological effects by binding to the tyrosine kinase receptors VEGF receptor type 1 ( VEGFR1/ Flt- 1) and VEGFR2 ( Flk- 1/ KDR). Kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR) is the critical receptor controlling proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and has been shown to be expressed in some nonendothelial cells. We recently reported that the proangiogenic pituitary tumor transforming gene ( PTTG) stimulates VEGF and up- regulates inhibitor of DNA binding- 3 ( ID3), an important gene in VEGF- dependent angiogenesis. Objective: Our objective was to test whether VEGF, ID3, and KDR confer a PTTG- mediated effect on thyroid cell growth. Design: Gene expression, MAPK stimulation, and cell proliferation were assessed in follicular thyroid cancer FTC133 cells. Gene expression and clinical associations were determined in 21 normal and 38 tumorous thyroid specimens ( nine follicular and 29 papillary). Results: ID3 correlated with VEGF mRNA expression in our series of thyroid cancers, which also showed up- regulated KDR mRNA. Stimulation of FTC133 cells with exogenous VEGF enhanced ID3 expression, which could be abrogated by the KDR- specific inhibitor ZM323881, suggesting that VEGF regulation of ID3 is KDR dependent. PTTG significantly correlated with KDR mRNA expression in our thyroid cancer cohort and up- regulated KDR and VEGF expression in FTC133 cells. Finally, cells transfected with PTTG demonstrated increased cell proliferation and phosphorylation of MAPK, which was abrogated by ZM323881. Conclusions: We report the presence of a VEGF/ KDR/ ID3- dependent autocrine pathway in FTC133 thyroid cells. By up- regulating both VEGF and KDR expression, we propose a novel PTTG- mediated proliferative pathway that may be critical to thyroid cancer growth and progression.
AB - Context: Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) exerts its biological effects by binding to the tyrosine kinase receptors VEGF receptor type 1 ( VEGFR1/ Flt- 1) and VEGFR2 ( Flk- 1/ KDR). Kinase insert domain receptor ( KDR) is the critical receptor controlling proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and has been shown to be expressed in some nonendothelial cells. We recently reported that the proangiogenic pituitary tumor transforming gene ( PTTG) stimulates VEGF and up- regulates inhibitor of DNA binding- 3 ( ID3), an important gene in VEGF- dependent angiogenesis. Objective: Our objective was to test whether VEGF, ID3, and KDR confer a PTTG- mediated effect on thyroid cell growth. Design: Gene expression, MAPK stimulation, and cell proliferation were assessed in follicular thyroid cancer FTC133 cells. Gene expression and clinical associations were determined in 21 normal and 38 tumorous thyroid specimens ( nine follicular and 29 papillary). Results: ID3 correlated with VEGF mRNA expression in our series of thyroid cancers, which also showed up- regulated KDR mRNA. Stimulation of FTC133 cells with exogenous VEGF enhanced ID3 expression, which could be abrogated by the KDR- specific inhibitor ZM323881, suggesting that VEGF regulation of ID3 is KDR dependent. PTTG significantly correlated with KDR mRNA expression in our thyroid cancer cohort and up- regulated KDR and VEGF expression in FTC133 cells. Finally, cells transfected with PTTG demonstrated increased cell proliferation and phosphorylation of MAPK, which was abrogated by ZM323881. Conclusions: We report the presence of a VEGF/ KDR/ ID3- dependent autocrine pathway in FTC133 thyroid cells. By up- regulating both VEGF and KDR expression, we propose a novel PTTG- mediated proliferative pathway that may be critical to thyroid cancer growth and progression.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33751540132&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1210/jc.2006-1291
DO - 10.1210/jc.2006-1291
M3 - Article
C2 - 16926250
SN - 1945-7197
VL - 91
SP - 4603
EP - 4611
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 11
ER -