Numerical simulation of the forging process

The principal objective of this paper is to provide a short overview of recent research in the numerical simulation of forging, with an emphasis on applications rather than the mathematical formulations which are well documented elsewhere. The paper addresses a number of specific topics, including Process Modelling, Tool and Die Design, Interface Phenomena, Material Phenomena and Computational Aspects. The paper also looks at recent developments in re-meshing and its importance in realistic forging modelling. While many features of the forging process have been covered there are still a number, such as inter-stage heat treatment and postprocess thermal behaviour, that have received little attention. A holistic approach to forging modelling is still awaited in which all features of the process together with the influence of aspects such as press behaviour are considered. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.