Molecular pathways in bladder cancer (I)

This month, three of the mini-reviews are descriptive of bladder cancer. The first two of these relate to various aspects of molecular pathways in bladder cancer. In this ever-changing field, it is important to keep abreast of new information, and the authors from Birmingham do this for us in a way that is easy to understand and complete. The third of these reviews assesses reports of non-urothelial bladder tumours, a relatively uncommon subject. In this helpful article, the authors from Rennes classify and explain these tumours, which comprise approximate to5% of bladder tumours. Finally, authors from Cleveland classify the methods used for the diagnosis of seminal oxidative stress, sperm DNA damage and apoptosis, and the association of these with male fertility.